Alkaline peroxide delignification of rye straw has been first investigated in this paper. The results showed that treatment of dewaxed and water-extracted rye straw with 2% H2O2 at pH 11.5 for 12 h at 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70°C resulted in a dissolution of 52.7, 75.7, 81.8, 83.1, 85.8, and 87.8% of the original lignin, and 44.2, 52.5, 70.0, 70.0, 71.3, and 71.9% of the original hemicelluloses...

Wheat bran, rye, millet and corn meal supplements used alone or in various combinations with mixed oak sawdust significantly influenced crop cycle time, biological efficiency (BE) and basidiome quality of maitake (Grifola frondosa). The combination of 10% wheat bran, 10% millet and 10% rye and the combination of 10% wheat bran plus 20% rye gave the highest and most consistent yields. The shorte...

Wheat, rye and triticale samples were evaluated in terms of physicochemical and technological properties. The triticale samples had higher susceptibility of sprouting compared to rye. The milling value of wheat and triticale samples was over 70, suggesting good milling properties and the ability to provide flours with low extraction rates. Of all studied grains, triticale had the lowest dough d...

To process silage, rye is usually removed before the heading stage but the rye biomass increased up to 30% after the heading stage. However, after the heading stage, lignification rapidly accelerated and it resulted in a poor NDF digestibility problem. This has led to a demand for a strong fibrinolytic enzyme-producing probiotic for rye silage. The Gram-positive Leuconostoc holzapfelii 5H4 was ...

We attempted to develop a PCR-based marker that detects various segments of rye chromosome incorporated into wheat. We designed three sets of PCR primers based on the nucleotide sequence data of a rye repetitive sequence previously reported. One of the primer sets amplified a clear ca. 1.4 kb fragment in a rye cultivar but not in any form of wheat, diploid, tetraploid or hexaploid. We used this...

This study examines the relationships between atmospheric influences and grain yields as well as yield components: crop density (ears m−2), number of kernels per ear and kernel weight of winter rye. The study uses data of a long-term field experiment at Berlin-Dahlem for the period between 1962 and 1996. The crop density and kernel number of winter rye were positively influenced by warm and sun...

Myosin, detected by immunofluorescence using an antibody to bovine skeletal and smooth muscle myosin, has been localised on individual identifiable organelles from the grasses Alopecurus pratensis and Secale cereale, and on the surfaces of vegetative nuclei and generative cells from pollen and pollen tubes of Hyacinthus orientalis and Helleborus foetidus. Taken in conjunction with recent eviden...

B chromosomes (Bs) are dispensable components of the genomes of numerous species. Thus far, there is a lack of evidence for any transcripts of Bs in plants, with the exception of some rDNA sequences. Here, we show that the Giemsa banding-positive heterochromatic subterminal domain of rye (Secale cereale) Bs undergoes decondensation during interphase. Contrary to the heterochromatic regions of A...