This research uses the production function theoretical framework and an extensive, exchangelevel database on telephone usage and infrastructure, employment and population, to clarify the relationships between rural economic activities and telecommunications. Relationships are estimated through regression analysis, linking telephone usage, measured in aggregate conversation seconds, by each of e...

BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is an obligate intercellular protozoon that affects animals and human. It has zoonosis and/or anthroponosis transmission. Human and veterinary medicine, environmental science and wildlife conservation specialists have many commonalities in case of visceral leishmaniasis. Still the above disciplines respond against leishmaniasis in a separate way. The aim of this review ...

Recently, Imbs, Mumtaz, Ravn and Rey (2005; hereinafter IMRR) have argued that much of the PPP puzzle is due to upwardly-biased estimates of persistence. According to them, the source of the bias is the existence of heterogeneous price adjustment dynamics at the sectoral level that established time series or panel data methods fail to control for. This paper re-examines this claim in two steps....

We use a statistical model to estimate impulse responses of sectoral price indices to aggregate shocks and to sector-specific shocks. In the median sector, 100 percent of the long-run response of the sectoral price index to a sector-specific shock occurs in the month of the shock. The Calvo model and the sticky-information model match this finding only under extreme assumptions concerning the p...

The assumption of linearity is tested using five statistical tests for the US and the Canadian unemployment rates and the employment sectoral shares growth rates; construction, finance, manufacturing and trade. An AR(p) model was used to remove any linear structure from the series. Evidence of non-linearity is found for the sectoral shares with all five statistical tests in the US case but not ...

Over 70% of the population in India lives in the rural areas of the country. The needs of this vast population, subsistence or otherwise (livelihood related), have been addressed by several programmes and initiatives guided by central or state policies. The policies or ensuing programmes have, however, been sectoral—planned and managed by specific ministries or departments. Energy too has been ...

BACKGROUND At the hilum of the liver, there is a structure called the hilar plate, which is of great surgical importance because all variations in the bile ducts and blood vessels occur within this region. The Rex-Cantlie line does not always pass the point of portal bifurcation. Classifying portal vein (PV) variations based on the shape and origin of anterior sectoral trunk (AST) within the he...

This paper analyzes the influence of the long-run decline in U.S. energy intensity on projections of energy use and carbon emissions to the year 2050. We build on our own recent work which decomposes changes in the aggregate U.S. energy-GDP ratio into shifts in sectoral composition (structural change) and adjustments in the energy demand of individual industries (intensity change), and identifi...

INTRODUCTION Management of the biliary ducts during liver resection is one of the most important challenges for hepatobiliary surgeons. Here, we report the case of a left hepatic trisectionectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma with a rare aberrant biliary duct of segment 5, which, to the best of our knowledge, has never been reported in previous literature. CASE PRESENTATION A 56-year-old Asian...

Latecomer sectors in late-industrializing economies follow different patterns in their development and growth processes, which largely determine the share acquired from the global value chain. The development and growth process of the sectors is generally argued to be the result of the interaction of macro level specific institutional context and micro level firm strategic choices. In this stud...