BACKGROUND The majority of critically ill patients experience distress during their stay in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), resulting from systemic illness, multiple interventions and environmental factors. Providing humane care should address concomitant treatment of pain, agitation and delirium. The use of sedation and approaches to ICU delirium should be monitored according to structured guid...

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of continuous intravenous sedation with midazolam alone vs. midazolam plus fentanyl ("co-sedation") during mechanical ventilation. DESIGN A randomized, prospective, controlled trial. SETTING A ten-bed medical intensive care unit at a university hospital. PATIENTS Thirty patients with respiratory failure who were expected to require >48 hrs of mechanical v...

Effective treatment of pediatric both bone forearm fractures consists of timely restoration of anatomic alignment with manipulation and immobilization, often accomplished with the aid of procedural sedation in the emergency department setting. The current lack of consensus regarding a safe and optimal regimen may result in inadequate sedation, compromised quality of reduction, or patient harm. ...

PURPOSE This preliminary investigation evaluated the associations among multiple factors designed to measure depth of sedation, such as changes in the patient's electroencephalogram (EEG) via a bispectral analysis (BIS), other physiological variables, observed behaviors and clinical assessment of sedation levels consistent with the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) sedation guideli...

BACKGROUND Conscious sedation has been widely utilized in plastic surgery. However, inadequate research has been published evaluating adequate drug dosage and depth of sedation. In clinical practice, sedation is often inadequate or accompanied by complications when sedatives are administered according to body weight alone. The purpose of this study was to identify variables influencing the dept...

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether moderate-to-deep sedation with propofol and alfentanil can be administered safely by nonmedical sedation practitioners, and the outcomes of this practice in the Netherlands. We retrospectively analyzed the occurrence of sedation-related complications in patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures. PATIEN...

In our daily practice in intensive care unit, one of the “cornerstones” is to achieve adequate sedation for every patient. Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are often sedated, and a good hypnotic monitoring is important to assure an optimal level of sedation for every patient. Sedation monitoring can be achieved using subjective or objective methods. The most recent recommendations on manageme...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pentobarbital is known to affect cerebral metabolism; pentobarbital sedation is, however, frequently used for MR imaging and MR spectroscopy, especially in children. Accurate assessment of the brain metabolite levels is important, particularly in neonates with suspected brain injury. We investigated whether pentobarbital sedation has any effect on the ratios of spectral m...

AIM To assess and compare, for the first time, the quantity and quality of dental undergraduate teaching in conscious sedation in the dental schools of the UK and Ireland. This was achieved using a prospective, questionnaire-based survey. METHODS Questionnaires were designed to collect information about undergraduate sedation education from teaching staff and final year dental undergraduates ...