The leaf mine in Richterago riparia is caused by a lepidopteran larva (lepidopteronome). The leaves of R. riparia show campdodrome venation; the epidermis is unistratified, with stomata and glandular trichomes in adaxial and abaxial surfaces. The mesophyll is bilateral and the vascular system is collateral. During the formation of the mine, the larva consumes the chlorenchyma of the mesophyll a...

Plants of Euphorbiaceae are used to cure various diseases in traditional systems of medicine. For present study, Homonoia riparia, Kirganelia reticulata, Phyllanthus fraternus and Pedilanthus tithymaloides were selected on the basis of their availability and antimicrobial activity. Plant phenolics and flavonoids are known to possess antioxidant activity. Hence, it was decided to evaluate the an...

Gibbs point processes are statistical models for spatial point patterns with repulsive interactions between points. Traditionally a constant repulsion range is assumed. In reality, the repulsion range might change from location to location as a result of environmental heterogeneity. In this talk I will discuss the modeling of space varying repulsion range parameter in Bayesian framework using G...

atomige lineare Molekeln auszudehnen, wobei mit verbesserter Apparatur die Möglichkeit der Untersuchung kombiniert angeregter Knickschwingungsmoden besteht. Es sollte dann möglich sein, den Gültigkeitsbereich des einfachen Ansatzes in Gl. (11) experimentell zu überprüfen. Wir danken Herrn Prof. Dr. W. ZEIL, der die ihm von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft überlassenen Geräte für die Messung...

The genus Carex belongs to tribe Cariceae, subfamily Caricoideae and family Cyperaceae. This genus, with about 2000 species in the world and more than 50 species in Iran, is the largest genus among the family. In expedition to North West and West of Iran, two species, namely, Carex acuta and C. cilicica as new records and C. flava, C. rostrata and C. supina as reinvestigated species are reporte...

in animals are potential anti-predator benefits, including the many-eyes effect, predator confusion, the dilution of individual risk of being caught when part of a large group, and the selfish herd effect (Krause & Ruxton 2002). The many-eyes effect postulates that an increased number of potential prey individuals scanning for predators are more effective at detecting their approach, and this e...

A new Anthracoidea species, A. songorica, is described on Carex songorica (subgen. Carex, sect. Paludosae) from Iran.

Impacts of plant invasions are largely scale-dependent and responses to the same exotic species may vary among communities. Since impacts caused by individual trees could anticipate consequences of a closed canopy of an invader, we studied the response of Galápagos native plants to quinine (Cinchona pubescens) trees in two vegetation zones. Quinine has invaded >11,000 ha of Santa Cruz Island, i...