abstract background: hypertension is very common in patients with end-stage renal disease and accelerates cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. the most important factor in achieving normal blood pressure in these patients is reaching dry weight. sodium and extracellular fl uid balance play a vital role in this regard. considering the lack of consensus about the effi cacy of stepwise sodium p...

abstract background: using non-pharmacological pain relief methods for reducing labor pain has always been one of the major concerns in obstetrics and gynecology. objective: comparing the effects of aromatherapy with jasmine and salvia on pain severity and labor outcome in nulliparous women. materials and methods: in this randomized clinical trial, 156 nulliparous women in labor were randomly s...

abstract background: nurses are members of the health care team for crisis response. identifying nurses’ capability in responding to a disaster and promoting their preparedness will lead to effective use of human resources and decreasing the detrimental effects of disaster. the purpose of this article was to determine emergency nurses’ competences in triage, life support, and basic clinical ski...

Article history: Received 18 April 2011 Available online xxxx The scarcity of women in ICT-related studies has been systematically reported by the scientific community for many years. This paper has three goals: to analyze gender differences in selfconcept of computer and math abilities along with math performance in two consecutive academic years; to study the ontogeny of gender differences in...

This paper examines the conceptual foundations of self-concept, self-esteem and the self as they relate to disabled students in the context of physical education. Disable school children experience severe discriminations in society and within the school system, especially if the school is the mainstream type. With increasing emphasis on inclusiveness in school to different groups of excluded ch...

abstract background: childhood cancers are fatal diseases which cause intense stress and traumatic situations for the ones who experience those diseases. this kind of an emotionally hard life may create some hardships for developing self‑concept. the aim of the study is to put forth the self‑exposure of a school‑age child by using plays. materials and methods: six play sessions had been carried...

abstract background: in developing countries, hemorrhage accounts for 30% of the maternal deaths. postpartum hemorrhage has been defined as blood loss of around 500 ml or more, after completing the third phase of labor. most cases of postpartum hemorrhage occur during the first hour after birth. the most common reason for bleeding in the early hours after childbirth is uterine atony bleeding du...

abstract background: medical malpractices in obstetrics are one of the main health concerns since in addition to the mortalities and morbidities caused for the two susceptible groups of mothers and neonates, they may lead to difficulties for the accused gynecologists and midwives in returning to their routine medical career and giving services to the patients. hence, this study was conducted to...

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between family communication patterns and self-concept among youth in rural areas.The sample consisted of 315 participants (150 boys 165 girls), selected using a simple random sampling technique. The RevisedFamily Communication Pattern (RFCP) Survey, which has two dimensions - conversational orientation conformity orientation,was used measure var...