David Chalmers' two-dimensionalism is an ambitious philosophical program that aims to ground or construct Fregean meanings and restore “the golden triangle” of apriority, necessity, meaning Kripke seemingly broke. This paper examine critically what theory can in reality achieve. It argued the faces severe challenges. There are some gaps overall arguments, reasoning places somewhat circular. eff...

Fairness properties, which state that a sequence of bad events cannot happen infinitely before good event takes place, are often crucial in program verification. However, general methods for expressing and reasoning about various kinds fairness properties relatively underdeveloped compared to those safety properties. This paper proposes FOS (Fair Operational Semantics), theory capable arbitrary...