The visual cortex is organized into discrete domains characterized by their specific function, connectivity, chemoarchitecture, and cytoarchitecture. Gradients of transcription factors across the anteroposterior and mediolateral axes of the neocortex have previously been demonstrated to specify the main sensory regions. However, they do not account for the establishment of multiple areas in the...

Apical periodontitis (AP) is a chronic infection of endodontic origin accompanied with bone destruction around the apical region. Semaphorin3A (Sema3A) and neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) are regarded as a pair of immune regulators in bone metabolism. In this study, we firstly investigated the expression pattern of Sema3A/Nrp1 in apical periodontitis and its correlation with bone destruction. Using rat ani...

Cavitation phenomena play important roles in many areas of science and engineering. The most interesting effect of the non-Newtonian properties of the liquid is the reduction of cavitation damage and noise. This article reviews experimental and theoretical efforts to understand such phenomena. The currently available information favors a description of the observed reduction of cavitation damag...

N eural guidance cues are attracting attention in athero-sclerosis. In this issue of Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, Wanschel et al 1 add yet another neu-ral guidance molecule, Semaphorin 3E, to the growing list of neural guidance cues that may contribute to atherosclerosis. Indeed, this team of scientists, led by Kathryn Moore at New York University, has in the last year im...

The collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) were originally identified as mediators of semaphorin 3A signaling and neuronal differentiation. The CRMP family consists of five homologous cytosolic proteins, CRMP1-5. Altered expression levels of CRMPs have been observed in several malignant tumors, including lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, pancreatic and neuroendocrine lung cancer. The ai...

There is increasing evidence for a crucial role of proteases and metalloproteinases during axon growth and guidance. In this context, we recently described a functional link between the chemoattractive Sema3C and Matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3). Here, we provide data demonstrating the involvement of MMP-2 to trigger the growth-promoting effect of Sema3A in cortical dendrites. The in situ anal...

function as retrograde signaling molecules that regulate developmental synapse elimination in the cerebellum. Our results suggest that Sema3A and Sema7A have opposite effects and are involved in different stages of synapse elimination (fig. S22). Because semaphorins and their receptors are expressed widely in the brain, it is highly likely that semaphorins play important roles in developmental ...

There are many textural elements that can be found in the human eye, including Fuchs' crypts, Wolfflin nodules, pigment spots, contraction furrows and conjunctival melanosis. Although iris surface features have been well-studied in populations of European ancestry, the worldwide distribution of these traits is poorly understood. In this paper, we develop a new method of characterizing iris feat...

Received: April 29, 2017 Revised: July 01, 2017 Accepted: August 30, 2017 Abstract: Introduction: Unloading phenomenon happens in the beginning of drilling and is able to change stress state around borehole. This change of stress state causes impact on rock structure and strength, thus affecting the evaluation of wellbore stability. Especially for determining initial mud pressure, unloading is ...

dered if guidance cue-induced changes in NFPC protein synthesis may play a role here. Interestingly, stimulating cultured growth cones with Sema3A, a repellent molecule expressed in telencephalic regions adjacent to the MOT, elevates NFPC protein twofold within 10 min. Therefore, we now postulate a growth cone turning mechanism involving Sema3A-induced increases in TAF1mediated NFPC activity at...