Analytical studies are carried out to investigate groundwater head changes in a coastal aquifer system in response to tidal fluctuations. The system consists of an unconfined aquifer, a semi-confined aquifer and a semi-permeable confining unit between them. An exact analytical solution is derived to investigate the influences of both leakage and storage of the semi-permeable layer on the tide-i...

Benchmarking is essential for testing new numerical analysis codes. Their solution crucial both the partial differential equation solvers and optimization methods. Especially, nature-inspired algorithm-based solvers, where an important study to use benchmark functions test how algorithm may perform, in comparison with other algorithms or fine-tune optimizer parameters. This paper proposes a nov...