in this paper, we propose a sensitivity analysis for evaluating the effectiveness of recovery solutions in the case of disturbed rail operations. indeed, when failures or breakdowns occur during daily service, new strategies have to be implemented so as to react appropriately and re-establish ordinary conditions as rapidly as possible. in this context, the use of rail simulation is vital: for e...

the new competitive environment changes the paradigm of power system operation. in the transmission area, open access process provides fair accessibility for all market participants. congestion management is one of the most important side effects of this new process. this paper proposes a new approach for congestion management which is based on both active and reactive re-dispatch of the networ...

risk-based assessment methods are commonly used at the contaminated sites by hydrocarbon pollutants. this paper presents the results of a two-dimensional finite volume model of reactive transport of biodegradable btex which have been developed for the saturated zone of an unconfined aquifer in the pump station area of tehran oil refinery, iran. the model governing equations were numerically sol...

the hargreaves-samani (hs) equation, which estimates reference evapotranspiration (et0) using only temperature as input, should be most suitable for et0 prediction based on weather forecasting data. in the current study, the hs equation is calibrated with daily et0 by the penman-monteith equation, and is evaluated to check the possibility of predicting daily et0 based on weather forecast data. ...

the gross calorific value (gcv) or heating value of a sample of fuel is one of the important properties which defines the energy of the fuel. many researchers have proposed empirical formulas for estimating gcv value of coal. there are some known methods like bomb calorimeter for determining the gcv in the laboratory. but these methods are cumbersome, costly and time consuming. in this paper, m...

In internal combustion engines, exhaust valve and its seat gain considerable temperature as the hot gases exit through them. So, the rate of heat transfer should be under control. In this study, the contact heat transfer coefficient has been estimated. An experimental study on an Air-Cooled internal combustion engine cylinder head has been considered. Using the measured temperatures of sensors ...