We investigated whether the Arabidopsis flower evolved protective measures to increase reproductive success. Firstly, analyses of available transcriptome data show that the most highly expressed transcripts in the closed sepal (stage 12) are enriched in genes with roles in responses to chemical stimuli and cellular metabolic processes. At stage 15, there is enrichment in transcripts with a role...

Comparative studies on the ABC model of floral development have revealed extensive conservation of B and C class genes, but have failed to identify similar conservation for A class genes. Using a reverse genetic approach, we show that the previous inability to obtain Antirrhinum mutants corresponding to the A class gene AP2 of Arabidopsis reflects greater genetic redundancy in Antirrhinum . Ant...

Protective floral structures may evolve in response to the negative effects of floral herbivores. For example, water calyces--liquid-filled, cup-like structures resulting from the fusion of sepals--may reduce floral herbivory by submerging buds during their development. Our observations of a water-calyx plant, Chrysothemis friedrichsthaliana (Gesneriaceae), revealed that buds were frequently at...

Event-based corporate profiling aims to assess the evolving operational status of corresponding from its event sequence. Existing studies on have partially addressed problem via (i) case-by-case empirical analysis by leveraging traditional financial methods, or (ii) automatic profile inference reformulating into a supervised learning task. However, both approaches heavily rely domain knowledge ...

Ecologists use a wide variety of metrics and software tools to quantify map spatial patterns in ecological data. For analysis categorical raster data, we introduce the GuidosToolbox Workbench (GWB), series Linux-based command-line modules, implementing popular algorithms from interactive desktop application. We provide an overview workbench design, features individual example implementation on ...

A new species of Lepanthes from southwestern Colombia is presented here. farallonensis belongs to the informal group “manabina”, which comprises with concave and commonly pubescent leaves, flowers resting at adaxial side synsepal short long tails. similar L. smaragdina in broadly ovate dorsal sepal but differs conspicuously twisted upper lobes petals, outwardly bent a depression center laminae ...