Tarihsel süreç içerisinde Afrikalı uluslar, başta batılı devletler olmak üzere birçok ülkenin emperyalist müdahalelerine maruz kalmıştır. Çoğu devlet, Afrika kıtasının çeşitli bölgelerinde kolonilerini kurarak kendi siyasal, sosyal, kültürel ve yönetsel pratiklerini muhtelif ülkelere taşımışlardır. devletleri uzun uğraşlar neticesinde bağımsızlıklarını kazanmışlardır. Bağımsızlık sonrası geçiş ...

This paper suggests an optimization-based methodology for the design of minimum weight structures with kinematic nonlinear behavior. Attention is focused on three-dimensional reticulated structures idealized with beam elements under proportional static loadings. The algorithm used for optimization is based on a classical optimality criterion approach using an active-set strategy for extreme lim...

While the existing structures, even recently constructed ones are subjected to the critical earthquakes, the catastrophic devastations are expected to occur. Therefore, at least for several important structures such as power plants, infrastructure, and buildings, there is a need to consider the critical excitation analysis. One of the important criteria in the seismic design of the structures u...

natural hazards such as earthquakes have threatened the life of human beings during the history.as a consequence, the vibration mitigation of structures has caught great importance. activecontrol of structures is one of the rapidly emerging areas in the concept of structural control. thispaper presents a control method to deal with this subject when the dynamics of the structure ishysteretic an...

By left magma-$e$-magma, I mean a set containingthe fixed element $e$, and equipped by two binary operations "$cdot$", $odot$ with the property $eodot (xcdot y)=eodot(xodot y)$, namelyleft $e$-join law. So, $(X,cdot,e,odot)$ is a left magma-$e$-magmaif and only if $(X,cdot)$, $(X,odot)$ are magmas (groupoids), $ein X$ and the left $e$-join law holds.Right (and two-sided) magma-$e$-magmas are de...