AIMS The severe form of coxa vara, the 'shepherd's crook deformity', is always a consequence of a locally extensive form of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (or McCune-Albright syndrome). Treatment of this deformity is a challenge. The soft bone does not tolerate any implant that depends on the stability of the cortical bone (like plates or external fixators). Intramedullary nails are the most app...

Two clinically distinct forms of Blount disease (early-onset and late-onset), based on whether the lower-limb deformity develops before or after the age of four years, have been described. Although the etiology of Blount disease may be multifactorial, the strong association with childhood obesity suggests a mechanical basis. A comprehensive analysis of multiplanar deformities in the lower extre...

This clinical note describes a typical case of dynamic varus deformity of the hind part of the foot in a head injured adult. Gait analysis objectified, by kinematic data, the perturbed movement of the rear foot in the frontal plane and identified, by dynamic electromyography, the overactive muscle (posterior tibialis) involved in the deformity. The diagnosis was confirmed by a motor point block...

We treated 47 patients with a mean age of 57 years (22 to 88) who had a proximal humeral fracture in which there was a severe varus deformity, using a standard operative protocol of anatomical reduction, fixation with a locking plate and supplementation by structural allografts in unstable fractures. The functional and radiological outcomes were reviewed. At two years after operation the median...

Stress fracture of the proximal tibia after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is very rare. We found only 16 cases in a review of the literature. We report the case of a 76-year-old obese woman who sustained a stress fracture of the right proximal tibia without trauma 18 months after TKA. Pain developed in the proximal medial aspect of the tibia during walking. Physical examination showed tendernes...

BACKGROUND For large scale epidemiological studies clinical assessments and radiographs can be impractical and expensive to apply to more than just a sample of the population examined. The study objectives were to develop and validate two novel instruments for self-reported knee malalignment and foot rotation suitable for use in questionnaire studies of knee pain and osteoarthritis. METHODS T...

Angular deformities of the distal femur occur in congenital diseases or due to acquired causes, such as malunion after a fracture of the distal femur. Angular deformities of the lower extremities affect the mechanical axis, causing changes in the weight pressure on the articular surface. As a result, angular deformities quicken the progression of osteoarthritis. Therefore, correction of deformi...

Bone, joint, and soft‐tissue deformities of the lower limb have been shown to influence the integrity of ipsilateral joints.[1‐3] For example, increased varus/valgus deformity of an arthritic ankle has been associated with increased arthritis in the ipsilateral knee.[1] One study showed that in patients with varus knee and valgus hindfoot deformities, correction of knee alignment with total kne...

Supracondytar fractures of the humerus are common in childhood, and in less developed countries many late malunions are seen. A restricted range of elbow movement often makes it difficult to measure varus-valgus deformity clinically. This can be assessed from bony points but may be hindered by chronic swelling around the elbow. In these cases the pronation-supination range of the forearm is alm...

The condition known as delta phalanx (or longitudinally bracketed epiphysis) is a rare congenital anomaly first described in 1964. The deformity consists of a triangular bone with an epiphysis running along the shortened side of the phalanx in a proximal to distal direction, making longitudinal growth of the digit impossible. Isolated hallux varus congenitus due to a delta phalanx of the proxim...