OBJECTIVE To determine whether smokers smoking from packs required under Australia's plain packaging law had different smoking beliefs and quitting thoughts, compared with those still smoking from branded packs. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey during the roll-out phase of the law, analysed by timing of survey. SETTING Australian state of Victoria, November 2012. PARTICIPANTS 536 cigarette s...

Introduction. Whole body CT is being used increasingly in the primary survey of major trauma patients. We evaluated whether omitting plain films of the chest and pelvis in the primary survey was safe. We compared the probability of survival of patients and time to CT who had plain X-rays to those who did not. Method. We performed a database study on major trauma patients admitted between 2008 a...

Abstract: Plain Milling is one of the progressive enhancements of miniaturized technologies which have wide range of application in industries and other related areas. Plain milling cutters are widely used in roughing and finishing of parts. The milling cutter geometry and distribution of inserts on the cutter body vary significantly in industry depending on the application. This paper presents...

This study assessed perceptions and support among the Indian populace about plain packaging for all tobacco products. Twelve focus group discussions (n = 124), stakeholder analysis with 24 officials and an opinion poll with 346 participants were conducted between December 2011 and May 2012, Delhi. Plain packages for tobacco products were favored by majority of participants (69%) and key stakeho...

In this paper a variation of the fibred semantics of D. Gabbay called plain fibring is proposed, with the aim of combining logics given by matrix semantics. It is proved that the plain fibring of matrix logics is also a matrix logic. Moreover, it is proved that any logic obtained by plain fibring is a conservative extension of the original logics. It is also proposed a simpler version of plain ...

The morphostratigraphy of flood plains along unconfined reaches of the Todd River, central Australia, indicate that flood plain formation is dominated by high magnitude floods. Processes of flood plain destruction include channel widening, vertical stripping, flood channel, back channel and macroturbulent scour. Flood plain construction occurs predominantly during high magnitude floods. Overban...

PURPOSE Cigarette packaging is the most prominent form of tobacco marketing remaining in countries such as the United Kingdom. The current study examined perceptions of cigarette packaging among female youth and the potential impact of "plain" cigarette packaging regulations. METHODS A national sample of 947 16- to 19-year-old female subjects in the United Kingdom completed an online survey. ...

introduction more than 90% of drinking water in cities around the world and about 40% of the agricultural water supply from groundwater resources.,thus, groundwater quality consideration issue is inevitable . one of the most important parameter which can show the quality of drinking water is nitrate concentration. nitrate enters the groundwater and surface water through the decomposition of hum...

BACKGROUND The purpose of the current study was to investigate the pathological characteristics of chronic kidney diseases in the Tibet plateau and the plain. METHODS 77 cases from the Tibet plateau and 154 cases from the plain of renal biopsied patients with chronic kidney diseases were compared in a randomized, and parallel controlled manner. Pathological characteristics were defined accord...