We find the spatial variation of material parameters for pressurized cylinders and spheres composed of either an incompressible Hookean, neo-Hookean, or Mooney–Rivlin material so that during their axisymmetric deformations either the in-plane shear stress or the hoop stress has a desired spatial variation. It is shown that for a cylinder and a sphere made of an incompressible Hookean material, ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Vascular shear stress is essential for maintaining the morphology and function of endothelial cells. We hypothesized that shear stress in the internal carotid artery (ICA) may differ between patients with ischemic stroke and healthy control subjects. METHODS ICA shear stress was calculated in 143 controls and 122 patients with ischemic stroke who had a normal ICA or an ...

Renal epithelial cells are exposed to mechanical forces due to flow-induced shear stress within the nephrons. Shear stress is altered in renal diseases caused by tubular dilation, obstruction, and hyperfiltration, which occur to compensate for lost nephrons. Fundamental in regulation of shear stress are primary cilia and other mechano-sensors, and defects in cilia formation and function have pr...

The vascular endothelium is exposed to a spectrum of fluid mechanical forces generated by blood flow; some of these, such as fluid shear stress, can directly modulate endothelial gene expression. Previous work by others and in our laboratory, using an in vitro uniform laminar shear stress model, has identified various shear stress response elements (SSREs) within the promoters of certain endoth...

Dyslipidemia is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but the specific mechanisms that determine the localization of atherosclerotic plaques in arteries are not well defined. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRL) isolated from human plasma after a high-fat meal modulate TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 expression in cultured human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) via an interferon regulatory fa...

The mechanical properties of cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells exposed to a fluid-imposed shear stress were studied using the micropipette technique. The cells, which were attached to a Thermanox plastic substrate, were exposed to a specific steady shear stress of either 10, 30, or 85 dynes/cm2 and for a duration ranging from 0.5 to 24 hours. Morphological changes in shape and orientatio...

Hemodynamic stress is a critical factor in the onset of atherosclerosis such that reduced rates of shear stress occurring at regions of high curvature are more prone to disease. The level of shear stress has direct influence on the thickness and integrity of the glycocalyx layer. Here we show that heparan sulfate, the main component of the glycocalyx layer, forms an intact layer only on cell su...

Fluid shear stress has been shown to modulate various endothelial functions, including gene expression. In this study, we examined the effect of fluid shear stress on the expression of lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1), a novel receptor for atherogenic oxidized LDL in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs). Exposure of BAECs to the physiological range of shear stress (1 to 1...

OBJECTIVES We recently found low level of tumor suppressor programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) associated with reduced atherosclerotic plaque area (unpublished). We investigated whether atheroprotective unidirectional pulsatile shear stress affects the expression of PDCD4 in endothelial cells. METHODS AND RESULTS En face co-immunostaining of the mouse aortic arch revealed a low level of PDCD4 in ...

The neuropeptide galanin and its receptors (GalR) are found to be up-regulated in brains suffering from nerve injury, but the specific role played by galanin remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the neuroprotective role of galanin after shear stress induced nerve injury in the primary cultured cortical neurons of rats. Our results demonstrated that no significant changes in cell death a...