BACKGROUND The low shock energy used during internal atrial defibrillation may decrease the need for sedation during defibrillation with an implantable atrial defibrillator. METHODS AND RESULTS The atrial defibrillator (Metrix Atrioverter) was implanted in 12 patients. During the in-hospital treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) episodes, intravenous sedation was given only on patient request...

in this paper we investigate the effect of oil price shocks on stock market index in iran, by using of a structural var (svar) approach. we used four variables in the model namely kilian index, global oil supply, real oil price and real stock market index. the data are monthly and spanning the period 1997m10-2014m12. we identify the effect of four different shocks on stock market including oil ...

I use the neoclassical growth model to identify the effects of technology shocks on the US business cycle. The model includes two sources of technology shocks: neutral, which affect the production of all goods homogeneously, and investment-specific. Investmentspecific shocks are the unique source of the secular trend in the real price of investment goods, while both shocks are the only factors ...

It generally is difficult, if not impossible, to fully understand and interpret nonlinear time series models by considering the estimated values of the model parameters only. To shed light on the characteristics and implications of a nonlinear model it can then be useful to consider the effects of shocks on the future patterns of the time series variable. Most interest in such impulse response ...

The propagation of macroeconomic shocks through input-output and geographic networks can be a powerful driver of macroeconomic fluctuations. We first exposit that in the presence of Cobb-Douglas production functions and consumer preferences, there is a specific pattern of economic transmission whereby demand-side shocks propagate upstream (to input-supplying industries) and supply-side shocks p...

Most behavioral reactions that habituate can also be dishabituated by strong stimuli. In the best studied cases, dishabituation seems to be the result of an independent "sensitization" of the behavioral reaction that compensates for habituation without necessarily abolishing it. Crayfish lateral giant (LG) neuron-mediated escape reactions are one of the most fully analyzed behavioral reactions ...

The magnitude by which a defibrillation shock extends the refractory period immediately postshock (refractory period extension, RPE) does not explain why biphasic shocks defibrillate with greater efficacy than monophasic shocks. It may be that spatial heterogeneity of RPE is a more important regulator of defibrillation efficacy. We measured RPE in 15 pentobarbital-anesthetized swine using 400-V...

Abstract: This paper studies the transmission properties of US shocks to six Latin American countries. A model, underlying possible channels of transmissions, is presented and restrictions implied by the model are used to identify shocks. Empirically US shocks are extracted using the new two-step procedure of Canova and De Nicolo' (1999) and treated as exogenous with respect to Latin American e...

To fully characterize the mechanisms of defibrillation, it is necessary to understand the response, within the three-dimensional (3D) volume of the ventricles, to shocks given in diastole. Studies that have examined diastolic responses conducted measurements on the epicardium or on a transmural surface of the left ventricular (LV) wall only. The goal of this study was to use optical imaging exp...