PURPOSE The rate of shock wave administration is a factor in the per shock efficiency of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL). Experimental evidence suggests that decreasing shock wave frequency from 120 shocks per minute results in improved stone fragmentation. To our knowledge this study is the first to examine the effect of decreased shock wave frequency in patients with renal stones. MATERIALS AN...

This appendix contains tables and figures that supplement the analysis in the paper. Section A presents the asset pricing test results with equity issuance cost shocks constructed using alternative definitions of equity issuance. Section B presents the asset pricing test results with equity issuance cost shocks constructed by taking averages of portfolio-level equity issuance shocks across port...

In this paper I estimate a SVAR model to study the transmission of UK shocks to the Irish economy over the period 1922-1979, using annual time series for CPI inflation and output growth. UK aggregate demand and supply shocks have large and significant impacts on Irish inflation, but smaller impacts on Irish real GDP growth. A historical decomposition indicates that UK aggregate demand shocks pl...

This paper studies U.S. in‡ation adjustment speed to aggregate technology shocks and to monetary policy shocks in a medium size Bayesian VAR model. According to the model estimated on the 1959-2007 sample, in‡ation adjusts much faster to aggregate technology shocks than to monetary policy shocks. These results are robust to di¤erent identi…cation assumptions and measures of aggregate prices. Ho...

Recently there has been renewed interest in assessing economic models in the context of specific, empirically identified economic shocks. Typically, these shocks are identified one-at-a-time, ignoring potential correlations across shocks, or are identified in the context of a structural vector autoregression (SVAR) using zero restrictions only loosely tied to economic theory. In this paper, we ...