The coastal plains of Tamil Nadu, India, are prone to floods, the most common disaster experienced in this region almost every year. This research aims identify flood risks plain delineated through a watershed approach with 5020 micro-administrative units covering an area about 26,000 sq. km. A comprehensive risk assessment hazard, vulnerability, and exposure parameters was carried out using mu...

The sensitivity of Earth’s wetlands to observed shifts in global precipitation and temperature patterns and their ability to produce large quantities of methane gas are key global change questions. We present a microwave satellite-based approach for mapping fractional surface water (FW) globally at 25-km resolution. The approach employs a land cover-supported, atmospherically-corrected dynamic ...

Supplementary data Data processing 1. Topographic data Because the SRTM data are not continuous, we filled minor holes of a few pixels by interpolation and filled larger holes with 90-m elevation-adjusted Digital Terrain Elevation Data (DTED). For the remaining regions with missing topographic information, we used digital elevation models (DEMs) created from stereo-views of the Advanced Spacebo...

Application of 3D data derived from images captured using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in forest biomass estimation has shown great potential in reducing costs and improving the estimates. However, such data have never been tested in miombo woodlands. UAV-based biomass estimation relies on the availability of reliable digital terrain models (DTMs). The main objective of this study was to eva...

Topographic parameters in glacier inventories are a requirement to analyze glacier characteristics and are of vital importance for several subsequent applications. To obtain the topographic information a digital elevation model (DEM) is required; however, in many regions of the world no national or local DEM of sufficient quality is available. With the SRTM DEM and the ASTER Global Digital Elev...

ABSTRACT: Digital terrain models (DTM) have become a commonly used source of data describing the shape of the Earth. Resolution determines the level of details that can be represented in this model. Changing the resolution influences the accuracy of the DTM. The effect of a resolution is even more clearly seen in slope and aspect calculation. Despite the resolution, there are different methods ...

In the inland closed area of Horqin Sandy Land, China, lakes are most important source water, and they maintain regional hydrological balance ecosystem health. Clarifying long-term continuous changes lake surface water storage in sandy land is thus great significance to management resources arid semi-arid areas. This study estimated small during 1984–2021 using a multiple index threshold method...

TerraSAR-X is a new German radar satellite that shall be launched in April 2006. The expected lifetime is 5 years. It carries a high frequency X-band SAR sensor that can be operated in different modes and polarisation. The Spotlight-, Stripmapand ScanSARmodes provide high resolution SAR images for detailed analysis as well as wide swath data whenever a larger coverage is required. Imaging will ...

The watershed area of the Mangla Reservoir spans across Himalayan region India and Pakistan, primarily consisting Jhelum River basin. is rugged with highly elevated, hilly terrain relatively thin vegetation cover, which significantly increases river’s sediment output, especially during monsoon season, leading to a decline in reservoir’s storage capacity. This work assesses soil erosion risk (Az...

To generate an accurate digital elevation model (DEM), Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) requires precise orbit data and baseline information, which are not always available. An alternative approach is to apply quality ground control points (GCPs) into the InSAR processing. However, locating high quality GCPs can also be difficult task, due to the low spatial resolution and radio...