Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common in children. Recurrent UTI causes serious complications such as renal scarring, proteinuria and hypertension. Recent studies have  reported  that hypercalciuria  may  be considered  a  risk  factor  for  recurrent  UTI. Materials and Methods: In this study 110 children 2months to 13years o...

Competitive high ranking positions are largely occupied by men, and women remain scarce in engineering and sciences. Explanations for these occupational differences focus on discrimination and preferences for work hours and field of study. We explore an additional explanation, namely that women and men may differ in their selection into competitive environments. Men and women in a laboratory ex...

A new freshwater crab is described from a montane area in northern Taiwan based on morphological characters and molecular evidence. Geothelphusa cilan sp. nov., from the Cilan Forest, situated on the boundary of Hsinchu and Yilan (= Ilan) counties, is close to G. monticola Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994, and G. takuan Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994, but can be distinguished by its male first gonopod (G1) and the ratio...

This paper develops a theoretical foundation for the undercut-proof equilibrium (see Shy, 1996, 2002; Morgan and Shy, 2013). In a general spatial setting, the set of undercut-proof prices is equivalent the core of a non-transferable utility cooperative-game, played on the set of outcomes that are feasible in Bertrand competition. The result depends critically on two conditions: First, firms mus...

A risky skill game is a in which plays an important role but outcomes are also strongly influenced by random factors. Examples poker or blackjack many economic activities like trading on financial markets. In online experiment we let subjects choose how often they want to play game. We find that women only half as rounds games with high variance. contrast, there no gender difference if the depe...

Ca2+ release mechanisms were studied in striated muscle from the walking legs of crabs using isometric tension recordings from isolated myofibrillar bundles. Caffeine-induced phasic contractions had properties consistent with Ca2+ release from a sarcoplasmic store, which could be optimally loaded in the presence of ATP at pCa 6.4­6.1. Ryanodine (10 µmol l-1) abolished the caffeine-ind...

Thermal tolerance and the respiratory properties of isolated red muscle mitochondria were investigated in Oreochromis alcalicus grahami from the alkaline hot-springs, Lake Magadi, Kenya. Populations of O. a. grahami were resident in pools at 42.8 °C and migrated into water reaching temperatures of 44.8 °C for short periods. The maximum respiration rates of mitochondria with pyruvate as ...