In 1950 a class of generalized Petersen graphs was introduced by Coxeter and around 1970 popularized by Frucht, Graver and Watkins. The family of I-graphs mentioned in 1988 by Bouwer et al. represents a slight further albeit important generalization of the renowned Petersen graph. We show that each I-graph I(n, j, k) admits a unit-distance representation in the Euclidean plane. This implies tha...

In 1976, F. Loupekine created a method for constructing new snarks from already known ones. In the present work, we consider an infinite family of snarks constructed from the Petersen Graph using Loupekine’s method, and show that this family verifies Fulkerson’s Conjecture. In addition, we show that it is possible to extend this result to families constructed from snarks other than the Petersen...

A signed graph is a graph whose edges are signed. In a vertex-signed graph the vertices are signed. The latter is called consistent if the product of signs in every circle is positive. The line graph of a signed graph is naturally vertexsigned. Based on a characterization by Acharya, Acharya, and Sinha in 2009, we give constructions for the signed simple graphs whose naturally vertex-signed lin...

A Smarandachely k-signed graph (Smarandachely k-marked graph) is an ordered pair S = (G,σ) (S = (G,μ)) where G = (V, E) is a graph called underlying graph of S and σ : E → (e1, e2, ..., ek) (μ : V → (e1, e2, ..., ek)) is a function, where each ei ∈ {+,−}. Particularly, a Smarandachely 2-signed graph or Smarandachely 2-marked graph is called abbreviated a signed graph or a marked graph. Given a ...

In this paper, we show that if G is a 3-edge-connected graph with S V ðGÞ and jSj 12, then eitherG has an Eulerian subgraphH such that S V ðHÞ, or G can be contracted to the Petersen graph in such a way that the preimage of each vertex of the Petersen graph contains at least one vertex in S. If G is a 3-edge-connected planar graph, then for any jSj 23, G has an Eulerian subgraph H such that S V...

We establish some preliminary results for Sutner’s σ game, i.e. “Lights Out,” played on the generalized Petersen graph P (n, k). While all regular Petersen graphs admit game configurations that are not solvable, we prove that every game on the P (2n, n) graph has a unique solution. Moreover, we introduce an exceedingly simple strategy for finding the solution to any game on these graphs. Surpri...