P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a well known efflux transporter in the blood brain barrier inhibits the uptake of substrate drugs into brain. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of natural product based P-gp inhibitors on brain penetration of various CNS drugs which are P-gp substrates. In this study, we have evaluated the inhibitory effects of natural bioflavonoids (quercetin and silym...

Previously we have shown that peroraly administered silymarin, a mixture of antioxidant flavonolignans from medicinal plant Silybum marianum (L.), prevents both the accumulation of exogenous cholesterol in the liver and the development of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rat1, 2. The silymarin-induced decrease of plasma cholesterol has been associated with a decrease in apo B containing lip...

Hepatic toxicity is the most serious adverse effect of anti-tuberculosis drugs. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of silymarin as a hepatoprotective herbal agent. In a randomized double blind clinical trial, 70 new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were divided into two groups. The intervention group was assigned to receive silymarin and the control group received placebo. Tubercu...

The influence of preparation methodology of silymarin solid dispersions using a hydrophilic polymer on the dissolution performance of silymarin was investigated. Silymarin solid dispersions were prepared using HPMC E 15LV by kneading, spray drying and co-precipitation methods and characterized by FTIR, DSC, XRPD and SEM. Dissolution profiles were compared by statistical and model independent me...

The aim of this study was to address one of the major challenges of the actual era of nanomedicine namely, the bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs such as Silymarin. We developed new, biodegradable, and biocompatible nanosized shuttles for Silymarin targeted delivery in colon-cancer cells. The design of these 100 nm sized carrier nanoparticles was based on natural polymers and their b...

Liver and kidney are exposed to a lot of oxidant substances that are both from exogenous and endogenous sources. The aim of this study was to compare between the antioxidant effects of silymarin and vitamin E against carbon tetrachloride (CCl ) induced oxidative stress in rats. Male albino rats were divided into 4 four groups. The first group received corn oil s.c. twice weekly and distilled wa...

The pathogenesis of laminitis is not completely identified and the role of endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides, LPS) in this process remains unclear. Phytogenic substances, like milk thistle (MT) and silymarin, are known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and might therefore have the potential to counteract endotoxin induced effects on the hoof lamellar tissue. The aim of our st...

The present study was designed to investigate the synergistic hepatoprotective effect of Silymarin in combination with standardised extracts of Picrorrhiza kurroa, Phyllanthus amarus, Tephrosia purpurea, Asparagus racemosus plants against experimental hepatotoxicity induced by administration of Paracetamol (3g/kg; p.o) and Carbontetrachloride (1ml/kg; s.c) in wistar rats. Paracetamol and CCl4 i...

The aim of the work was to examine the influence of gender on pharmacokinetics of silymarin; a basic constituent of medicinal herb "milk thistle" (Silybum marianum). The presented work is the extension of published work of Usman et al. (16). The comparative parallel design pharmacokinetic study was conducted in Pakistani healthy volunteers (male and female) receiving a single 200 mg oral dose o...

Background: An association has been reported between hepatitis and glycogen storage problems. Glycogen disease (GSD) type I is induced by G6PD deficiency. Silymarin baicalein, as herbal agents, have hepatoprotective antioxidant potentials. Objectives: In this study, we assessed the effects of these herbs on liver problems hepatitis. Methods: Twenty male rats kept under standard laboratory condi...