A novel monolithic free-space optical disk pickup head has been fabricated by micromachined micro-optical bench technology. The pickup head contains a self-aligned semiconductor edge-emitting laser, a collimating lens, a beam splitter, two focusing lenses, and two 45 degrees mirrors. All optical components are built monolithically on Si substrates. The 45 degrees mirror directs the optical outp...

Abstract Ions that are reflected at the shock front and escape back into upstream region can play role of ions start to be accelerated by a diffusive acceleration mechanism. Backstreaming have been shown generated from superthermal tail solar wind sufficiently high temperatures. The number such was found low they were not angles exceeding 50°. mechanism production is multiple reflection when an...

The Pickup and Delivery Problem (PDP) consists in defining a set of routes that satisfy transportation requests between a pickup point and a delivery point. This paper addresses a variant of the PDP where the requests are transportation demands arising from disabled persons. Vehicle passengers can change of vehicle during their trip on specific locations called “transfer points”. Solving this v...

A single-string instrument (monochord) was carefully designed and constructed to test a new prototype of a two-dimensional magnetic pickup. The objective of the research was to design the new transducer which would depict a more meaningful signal analogous to the two-dimensional vibration of the string. The monochord and 2D pickup were designed with much specification and detail. However, the t...

The existing angular displacement measurement methods rely on the manufacturing precision of the fixedplate and moving-plate with high manufacturing cost, and it is difficult to overcome a static error and drift for the static measurement method. A kind of angular displacement measuring method based on correlation algorithm is presented with the characteristics of a low manufacturing cost, high...

We have modeled the injection and acceleration of pickup ions at the solar wind termination shock and investigated the parameters needed to produce the observed Anomalous Cosmic Ray (ACR) fluxes. A non-linear Monte Carlo technique was employed which in effect solves the Boltzmann equation and is not restricted to near isotropic particle distribution functions. This technique models the injectio...

The Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Deliveries and Pickups (VRPSDP) has attracted great interest in research due to its potential cost savings to transportation and logistics operators. There exist several extensions of VRPSDP, and among these extensions, Simultaneous Deliveries and Pickups with Split Loads Problem (SDPSLP) is particularly proposed for eliminating the vehicle capacity...