This paper presents an e cient algorithm for bu ered Steiner tree construction with wire sizing. Given a source and n sinks of a signal net, with given positions and a required arrival time associated with each sink, the algorithm nds a Steiner tree with bu er insertion and wire sizing so that the required arrival time (or timing slack) at the source is maximized. The unique contribution of our...

Here we study the discrete lot-sizing problem with an initial stock variable and an associated variable upper bound constraint. This problem is of interest in its own right, and is also a natural relaxation of the constant capacity lot-sizing problem with upper bounds and fixed charges on the stock variables. We show that the convex hull of solutions of the discrete lot-sizing problem is obtain...

A series of polystyrene-based cationic copolymers (PSCC) were synthesized by copolymerization of styrene and cationic comonomer vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium chloride (VBTMAC). These copolymers can be used as internal paper sizing agents in a broad pH range. The effect of charge density on the PSCC colloid properties was investigated. It was found that at room temperature the PSCC could change ...

This paper derives a population sizing relationship for genetic programming (GP). Following the population-sizing derivation for genetic algorithms in Goldberg, Deb, and Clark (1992), it considers building block decision making as a key facet. The analysis yields a GP-unique relationship because it has to account for bloat and for the fact that GP solutions often use subsolutions multiple times...

We read with great interest the recently published case report by Alsaileek et al. in the European Journal of Echocardiography on laceration of atrial septum during balloon sizing. We had already reported about tear of atrial septum during balloon sizing of atrial septal defect (ASD) in a 20year-old female. Balloon sizing was attempted with Amplatzer sizing balloon (Amplatzer sizing Balloon, AG...

This paper presents a set of interconnect performance estimation models for design planning with consideration of various effective interconnect layout optimization techniques, including optimal wire sizing, simultaneous driver and wire sizing, and simultaneous buffer insertion/sizing and wire sizing. These models are extremely efficient, yet provide high degree of accuracy. They have been test...

In this paper, we consider non-uniform wire-sizing. Given a wire segment of length L, let f(x) be the width of the wire at position x, 0 x L. We show that the optimal wire-sizing function that minimizes the Elmore delay through the wire is f(x) = ae ?bx , where a > 0 and b > 0 are constants that can be computed in O(1) time. In the case where lower bound (L > 0) and upper bound (U > 0) on the w...

We consider the single item capacitated lot–sizing problem, a well-known production planning model that often arises in practical applications, and derive new classes of valid inequalities for it. We first derive new, easily computable valid inequalities for the continuous 0–1 knapsack problem, which has been introduced recently and has been shown to provide a useful relaxation of mixed 0-1 int...

We have demonstrated a microfabricated single-molecule DNA sizing device. This device does not depend on mobility to measure molecule size, is 100 times faster than pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and has a resolution that improves with increasing DNA length. It also requires a million times less sample than pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and has comparable resolution for large molecules. H...