The abundance of dark matter satellites and subhalos, the existence of density cusps at the centers of dark matter halos and problems producing realistic disk galaxies in simulations are issues that have raised concerns about the viability of the standard cold dark matter (3CDM) scenario for galaxy formation. This paper reviews these issues and considers the implications for cold versus various...

Magnetoconvection simulations on mesogranule and granule scales near the solar surface are used to study the effect of convective motions on magnetic fields: the sweeping of magnetic flux into downflow lanes, the twisting of magnetic field lines, and the emergence and disappearance of magnetic flux tubes. Fromweak seed fields, convective motions produce highly intermittent magnetic fields in th...

Small-scale pig producers are believed to pose higher biosecurity risks for the introduction and spread of exotic diseases than commercial pig producers. However, the magnitude of these risks is poorly understood. This study is a comparative assessment of the risk of introduction and spread of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) through different sectors of the pig industry: (1) large-scale pig produc...

Creative computational systems have often been largescale endeavors, based on elaborate models of creativity and sometimes featuring an accumulation of heuristics and numerous subsystems. An argument is presented for facilitating the exploration of creativity through small-scale systems, which can be more transparent, reusable, focused, and easily generalized across domains and languages. These...

The results from the small scale application are encouraging. Our model successfully reproduces known behavior of the λ−switch on the basis of molecular level competition and resource constraints, without the need to assume protein-protein interactions between cI2 dimers and cI2 and RNA-polymerase. Even in the context of this well-known sub-system, however, few quantitative experimental results...

I l l u s t r a t I o n b y C o h e r e n t I m a g e s SmaLL-ScaLE qUanTUm cOmPUTInG devices built on a variety of underlying physical implementations exist in the laboratory, where they have been evolving for over a decade, and have demonstrated the fundamental characteristics necessary for building systems. The challenge lies in extending these systems to be large enough, fast enough, and ac...