I INTRODUCTION The recent emergence of novel network applications such as Gnutella, Freenet, and Napster has reincarnated the familiar peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture model of the original Internet in new and innovative ways in an effort to facilitate worldwide sharing of information [1]. As a result, there is an ever-increasing need for distributed protocols that would allow peer-to-peer appli...

The analysis of societies demonstrates the recurrent nature of small world topology in the interactions of elements in such worlds. The small world topology proves to have beneficial properties for system’s performance in many cases, however there are also scenarios where the small world topology’s properties negatively affect the system’s outcome; thus in depth knowledge on the small world wea...

In this paper, genus statistics have been applied to an HI column density map of the Small Magellanic Cloud in order to study its topology. At the smallest scales studied (26 pc ≤ λ ≤ 75 pc) the genus shift is negative, implying a clump topology. At medium scales (75 pc ≤ λ ≤ 125 pc) the topology shifts to a neutral/slightly positive value, indicating a tendency towards a swiss-cheese/hole topo...

In networks with small-world topology, which are characterized by a high clustering coefficient and a short characteristic path length, information can be transmitted efficiently and at relatively low costs. The brain is composed of small-world networks, and evolution may have optimized brain connectivity for efficient information processing. Despite many studies on the impact of topology on in...