Introduction: As far as application of chemicals as disinfectants may have side effects on human health and causes drug resistance, the topic of herbal and natural products has been investigated in recent researches. Nevertheless, application of medicinal smokes in the treatment of many diseases, including bacterial and infectious diseases has long been popular in Iran. Smoke from the burning o...

background: as adolescent tobacco smoking has become a widespread problem in developing countries, it is time to understand the cognitive determinants of adolescents' decisions to engage in tobacco smoking. this study aimed to investigate the predicting factors associated with tobacco smoking among male adolescents based on prototype willingness model (pwm) as a theoretical framework. methods :...

introduction: to examine the effects of opium dependence and cigarette smoking on semen quality and sperm parameters, the semen quality of men who abuse opiates and/or smoke cigarettes was investigated in a retrospective study. methods: male partners of 1325 infertile couples attending the infertility clinic for intrauterine insemination (iui) procedure were divided into non-smoking non-opium (...

background: smoking has negative effects on reproductive process. exposing to cigarette smoking (passive smoking) may exert some effects as the direct smoking. objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between ovarian response and passive smoking in women who underwent art cycles. materials and methods: one hundred-sixty patients who underwent icsi between 2000 and 2001 w...

background previous studies provided inconsistent associations of smoking, stroke, and serious psychological distress (spd) with epilepsy while urban-rural differences in the associations of risk factors with epilepsy are not well documented. objectives this study aimed to evaluate the associations of lifestyle, health conditions, and spd with epilepsy and to examine whether the associations di...

conclusions cigarette smoking and bmi are two main confounding factors affecting the correlation of calcium and phosphate concentrations in the saliva and periodontal status. background periodontitis is a multi-factorial disease related to the formation of dental plaque. saliva composition plays a role in plaque formation and in the development of periodontal disease. objectives this study was ...

improving food quality is one the major issues for the food processing industry. since food produced from fish spoils quickly, it obviously cannot be kept for an extended time. the aim of the present study was to determine the effects of sodium polyphosphate and smoking on the shelf life of fish sausage that was produced from capoeta umbla and stored at 4±1°c. therefore, we designed four groups...

smoking is known as a major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and hence immediate and effective interventions are required for its elimination. this study aimed to collect valid data with regard to cigarette smoking in adult population of north of iran for policy making by a meta-analysis of the documents of national non-communicable disease risk factors surveillance system....