aim: tobacco use is one of the major causes of death worldwide and the most preventable risk factor of the coronary heart disease. the purpose of this study was to determine attitudes, risk perception and perceived vulnerability toward to water pipe (wp) smoking among male students in zarandieh city of iran. methods: this cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 400 male adolescents...

conclusions the present study reports the characteristics of iranian hookah smokers. most hookah smokers were educated young adults, who often smoked at home or in teahouses and in the company of friends. the majority of the participants smoked fruit-flavored tobacco and had no desire or intention to quit smoking. further studies in this field are required and hookah smoking should also be inco...

background cigarette smoking is a common problem among teenagers. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking among teen boys in marivan city, based on health belief model. materials and methods a cluster randomized sample of 470 male students with16.2±2.5   from 6 secondary schools of marivan city- iran, completed a self-report and questionnaire consisting of hea...

conclusions present study demonstrated that the frequency of tobacco and substance abuse is considerable among iranian university students who thought to be more knowledgeable and concerned about their health. thus, efficient educational programs are needed to reduce the high-risk behaviors before students enter to university. background risky behaviors such as tobacco and substance abuse, whic...

in this study, we investigated the causes behind increase trends in smoking and extent of tobacco use in saudi arabia. we also explored the issues related to and its impact tobacco control research and policy in the kingdom.data were collected from various published articles, public data based such as who, geneva and cdc atlanta. data were also obtained from surveys conducted by various institu...

objective: micronuclei are induced in cells by a variety of substances, like uv radiation, infrared rays, x-radiations, and chemicals. among them tobacco- specific nitrosamines have been reported to be potent mutagenic agents which are thought to be responsible for the induction of chromosomal aberrations resulting in production of micronuclei. the main aim of our study is to compare mn frequen...

background : smoking is a worldwide problem that kills millions of people. women smoke much lower than males but the numbers of smoker women are growing up. the objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of smoking and khat chewing in medical and non-medical female students at university of science and technology (ust), sana'a, yemen. methods : we used self-administrated questionnai...

background: several epidemiological studies suggest that tobacco smoking increases the risk of oral cancer. no systematic review, however, has been reported to examine how consistent the evidence is across the studies. we undertook a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies investigating the magnitude relationship between tobacco smoking and oral cancer. methods: primary studies were identified...

introduction: tobacco smoke is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases in different body systems. saliva is the first body fluid that confront inhaled cigarette smoke which is injurious to the oral cavity and is associated with several oral diseases and cancer. the aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of smoking on the activity of alpha-amylase in the saliva of healthy smoker...

background: the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of tobacco use and effect of lifestyle factors on cigarette and hookah use among adult re sidents of shiraz, iran. methods: in 2010, 1,000 participants were recruited in a multistage, random sampling cross-sectional population-based survey. results: response rate was 98%. prevalence of cigarette smoking was 9.7%. among cigarette ...