This paper analyzes nature protection by a social planner under different ‘utilitarian’ social welfare functions. For that purpose we construct an integrated model of the economy and the ecosystem with explicit consideration of nonhuman species and with competition between human and nonhuman species for land and prey biomass. We characterize and compare the efficient allocations when social wel...

We introduce a noncooperative multilateral bargaining model for a network-restricted environment, in which players can communicate only with their neighbors. Each player strategically chooses the bargaining partners among the neighbors to buy out their communication links with upfront transfers. The main theorem characterizes a condition on network structures for efficient equilibria and shows ...

Initiatives certifying that farms and firms adhere to predefined environmental and social welfare production standards are increasingly popular. According to proponents, they create financial incentives for farms and firms to improve their environmental and socioeconomic performance. This paper reviews the evidence on whether sustainable certification of agricultural commodities and tourism ope...

The restricted domains of individuals’ preferences that permit the construction of Arrow social welfare functions and nonmanipulable voting procedures in which each of n voters has some power are characterized. In this context a domain is the Cartesian product of n sets of strict preference orderings. Variants of this result are obtained under the additional requirement of neutrality and in the...

We conducted this study on 52 adolescents from Tehran to investigate their perspectives on health. We used the grounded theory approach and the constant comparison analysis method. Identity emerged as a core variable along with the concepts of friendship and relationships, education, family, lack of limitation and community. Identity affects adolescents' health regarding the emerged concepts. P...

We study the welfare implications of two-sided (decentralized) markets involving multiple intermediaries between buyers and sellers. For the analysis, we employ a stylized model where the intermediary sets the quantities of ad slots to purchase and sell, and the prices are a consequence of a Cournot model. The mathematics associated with the model is generic enough that it carries forward to ot...

vital necessity. It is true that we over here are not in quite such a deplorable condition as America, which suffers a complete change of all Government officials, even down to the postmaster of the smallest village, with each change of administration ; bat even so, we are surely bad enough ! It is understandable and reasonable enough that the Ministries dealing with such matters as Foreign Aff...

[This corrects the article on p. 1770 in vol. 7, PMID: 28082924.].