Gender differences in science amongst year 8 students in Australia in TIMSS 2003 were a surprise, given two decades of programs designed to increase girls’ participation levels in science. This study examines student and school-level characteristics simultaneously using hierarchical linear modelling to estimate the ability of each to explain gender differences in science achievement for student...

Indices of deprivation based upon the characteristics of areas of residence are widely used in epidemiology and public health, and have a number of possible applications. Firstly, they may be used when data describing a person’s socioeconomic circumstances have not been, or cannot be, collected directly. Secondly, they may inform the distribution of health service resources, for primary care, c...

OBJECTIVE To examine associations of neighborhood characteristics with six components of the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) in young adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Cross-sectional data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study were used to examine associations of neighborhood characteristics with the IRS in 3,093 nondiabetic adults aged 28-40 years. Meas...

This paper suggests bivariate semiparametric index models as a tool for modelling the interplay of socioeconomic and health characteristics in determining health-care utilisation. These models allow for a fully nonparametric relationship between socioeconomic status, health-care need and care utilisation. The only parametric restriction imposed is that multiple socioeconomic and health indicato...

background: there is a great amount of literature concerning the effect of racial segregation on health outcomes but few papers have discussed the effect of segregation on the basis of social, demographic and economic characteristics on health. we estimated the independent effect of segregation of determinants of socioeconomic status on infant mortality in iranian population. methods: for measu...

Comparison of the private consumption extracted from the Household Budget Survey and the National Accounts in Iran reveals that not only the latter always exceeds the former, but also the gap between them has increased over time. In this paper we propose a method to eliminate the discrepancy between these two sources. We integrate the micro and macro data and compare the poverty indicators...

This article aims to identify the main determinants of self-rated health and well-being in the elderly Portuguese population, using a set of dimensions including demographic and socioeconomic indicators, characteristics of interpersonal networks and social activities, health, sexual activity, representations of aging, and feeling of happiness. Taking socioeconomic, behavioral, and attitudinal p...

This article estimates the relative effects of socioeconomic status and parenting knowledge and behaviors on whether nurse practitioners perceive a family as being suspected of or confirmed for child maltreatment during the first 3 years of a child’s life. Results suggest that both socioeconomic status and parenting characteristics contribute substantially to perceived maltreatment. While paren...

Background: In Australia, studies finding an association between area-level socioeconomic disadvantage and mortality are often based on aggregate-ecological designs which confound area-level and individuallevel sources of socioeconomic variation. Area-level socioeconomic differences in mortality therefore may be an artefact of varying population compositions and not the characteristics of areas...

BACKGROUND Inter-relationships among built and socioeconomic environmental characteristics may result in confounding of associations between environment exposure measures and health behaviors or outcomes, but traditional multivariate adjustment can be inappropriate due to collinearity. METHODS We used principal factor analysis to describe inter-relationships between a large set of Geographic ...