Attosecond light pulses in the extreme ultraviolet have drawn a great deal of attention due to their ability to interrogate electronic dynamics in real time. Nevertheless, to follow charge dynamics and excitations in materials, element selectivity is a prerequisite, which demands such pulses in the soft X-ray region, above 200 eV, to simultaneously cover several fundamental absorption edges of ...

The high resolution capabilities of the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) introduced a new era in Gamma-Ray Astronomy, and opens a new window on pulsar wind nebula (PWN) research. A rotationally induced jet (associated with PSR B1509-58) is resolved for the first time in γ-rays, allowing us to trace the particle transport directly, without having the complicating effect of spatially varyin...

0.1 Proofs of Theorems 4.1, 4.2 & 5.2 Proof of Theorem 4.1: Let bn = pn+ln, where pn = b √ nc. Define a block of observations as Bn(i) = i + bn(0, 1], i ∈ Z. We first divide Rn into non-overlapped blocks of observations. Let Kn = {k ∈ Z : Bn(bnk) ⊂ Rn} represents the index set of all complete blocks Bn(bnk) = bn(k + (0, 1]) lying inside Rn. For each k ∈ Kn, we further divide each block into lar...

In recent years, a lot of research has been done in the field of producing soft magnetic nano composites by means of mechanical alloying. These materials indicate more electrical resistance and permeability in comparison with soft magnetic composites (SMCs). In this research, reduction of silicothermal mixed powder (Nickel-oxide, Silicon and Iron) was carried out by mechanical alloying to form ...

Very large scale integration (VLSI) design methodology and implementation complexities of high-speed, low-power soft-input soft-output (SISO) a posteriori probability (APP) decoders are considered. These decoders are used in iterative algorithms based on turbo codes and related concatenated codes and have shown significant advantage in error correction capability compared to conventional maximu...

We propose a novel approach to the design and analysis of VLSI architectures for the soft-input soft-output a posteri­ ori probability (SISO-APP) decoding algorithm used in it­ erative decoders such as turbo decoders. The approach is based on a tile-graph composed of recursion patterns that model the resource-time scheduling of the forward-backward recursion equations of the algorithm. The prob...

Computed tomographic (GE 9800) images of 129 patients (from newborn to 18 years old) with no evidence of cervical spine pathology were reviewed retrospectively from available material to evaluate normal anatomic appearances in childhood. The synchondroses may appear solid at soft-tissue window settings, while, with appropriate bone-window settings, a lucent line will be seen. Residual lucency a...

Soft errors arising from particle strikes to combinational logic circuits can be masked logically (by dominant inputs), electrically (the pulse is too weak to flip a node), or by opportune timing (the transient pulse arrives at a downstream latch when the latch is opaque). The latter effect—timing-window masking—is commonly approximated analytically by computing the ratio of the length of the l...