the vehicle routing problem with backhauls (vrpb) as an extension of the classical vehicle routing prob-lem (vrp) attempts to define a set of routes which services both linehaul customers whom product are to be delivered and backhaul customers whom goods need to be collected. a primary objective for the problem usually is minimizing the total distribution cost. most real-life problems have othe...

car-following models, as the most popular microscopic traffic flow modeling, is increasingly being used by transportation experts to evaluate new intelligent transportation system (its) applications. a number of factors including individual differences of age, gender, and risk-taking behavior, have been found to influence car-following behavior. this paper presents a novel idea to calculate the...

background: laser-tissue interaction on low-level laser therapy (lllt) has widespread medical applications (e.g., improved wound healing). the tensile strength of radiated tissue by lllt is known to be increased mainly because of cross collagen bands developed after radiation. objective: in this work, we studied the instantaneous effect of radiation of polarized laser beam on the viscoelastic t...

We study problems of scheduling n unit-time jobs on m identical parallel machines, in which a common due window has to be assigned to all jobs. If a job is completed within the due window, then no scheduling cost incurs. Otherwise, a job-dependent earliness or tardiness cost incurs. The job completion times, the due window location and the size are integer valued decision variables. The objecti...

Soft sensors are widely used to realize highly efficient operation in chemical process because every important variable such as product quality is not measured online. By using soft sensors, such a difficult-to-measure variable y can be estimated by other process variables which are measured online. In order to estimate values of y without degradation of a soft sensor model, a time difference (...

PURPOSE The authors present initial progress toward a clinically compatible x-ray phase contrast CT system, using glancing-angle x-ray grating interferometry to provide high contrast soft tissue images at estimated by computer simulation dose levels comparable to conventional absorption based CT. METHODS DPC-CT scans of a joint phantom and of soft tissues were performed in order to answer sev...