this research investigates the vegetation of 4600 ha of polour semi-steppe rangelands in relation to edaphic and physiographical parameters in mazandaran province. for this purpose, 23 land units were selected from overlaying slope, aspect and elevation maps using geographic information system (gis). within each unit, 3 parallel transects with 100 m length, each containing 10 quadrates (accordi...

Experts and researchers in soil, plant water science seek to understand the nature of relationship between soil salinity its effect on acidity. Each has a tolerance range salt an ideal acidity level live grow in. 5 irrigation samples were taken from random sources Zarqa, Jordan, 2018 2019, where measured using specialized electronic probes. The regression correlation analysis showed weak depend...

Cantharellus formosus is one of the most abundantly collected commercial mushrooms in western North America. Despite its importance to commercial harvesting, little information is known about the habitat requirements of C. formosus. The purpose of this study was to identify the environmental factors that correlate with the distribution of the basidiomata of C. formosus. Fifty-®ve plots (5 m 5 m...

Organically grown products experienced a doubling in percent penetration of organic sales into retail markets during the period from 1997 to 2003; however, there is still a debate over the perceived quality advantage of organically grown fruits and vegetables. In a study focusing on commercial production of processing tomatoes, samples were analyzed from 4 growers with matched organic and conve...

Deforestation leads to the deterioration of soil fertility which occurs rapidly under tropical climates. Forest rehabilitation is one of the approaches to restore soil fertility and increase the productivity of degraded areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare soil biological properties under enrichment planting and secondary forests at Tapah Hill Forest Reserve, Perak aft...

There is increasing recognition of the importance of niche optima in the shift of plant-plant interactions along environmental stress gradients. Here, we investigate whether deviation from niche optima would affect the outcome of plant-plant interactions along a soil acidity gradient (pH = 3.1, 4.1, 5.5 and 6.1) in a pot experiment. We used the acid-tolerant species Lespedeza formosa Koehne as ...