The Self-Organizing Map (SOM) is an artificial neural network model based on unsupervised learning. In this paper, the use of the SOM in natural language processing is considered. The main emphasis is on natural features of natural language including contextuality of interpretation, and the communicative and social aspects of natural language learning and usage. The SOM is introduced as a gener...

Hippocampal theta rhythm arises from a combination of recently described intrinsic theta oscillators and inputs from multiple brain areas. Interneurons expressing the markers parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SOM) are leading candidates to participate in intrinsic rhythm generation and principal cell (PC) coordination in distal CA1 and subiculum. We tested their involvement by optogenetically ...

Soil organic matter (SOM) is an important component of soils, and knowing the spatial distribution and variation of SOM is the premise for sustainably utilizing soils. The objective of this study was to compare geographically weighted regression (GWR) with regression kriging (RK) for estimating the spatial distribution of SOM using field-sample data in SOM and auxiliary data in correlated envir...

Topographic maps are an appealing exploratory instrument for discovering new knowledge from databases. During the recent years, several variations on the Self Organizing Maps (SOM) were introduced in the literature. In this paper, the toroidal Emergent SOM tool and the spherical SOM are used to analyze a text corpus consisting of police reports of all violent incidents that occurred during the ...

In the paper, text mining and visualization by self-organizing map (SOM) are investigated. At first, textual information must be converted into numerical one. The results of text mining and visualization depend on the conversion. So, the influence of some control factors (the common word list and usage of the stemming algorithm) on text mining results, when a document dictionary is created, is ...

Recently, security of the computer systems becomes an important problem. Almost all computers use the password mechanism for the user authentication. But password mechanism has many issues. In this paper, we propose a kind of biometrics authentication method using the combinations of key stroke timings and pen calligraphy. For this method, selection of the phrase is important. We analyzed the k...

A slow oscillatory movement (SOM) has previously been discovered superimposed on the three well known components of fixational eye movements. The purpose of the present study was to explore the visual influence on the control mechanism of the SOM. Three tests with different fixation targets and backgrounds were prepared. The eye position during a fixation task on healthy test subjects has been ...

The Self-Organizing Map, SOM, is a widely used tool in exploratory data analysis. A major drawback of the SOM has been the lack of a theoretically justified criterion for model selection. Model complexity has a decisive effect on the reliability of visual data analysis, which is a main application of the SOM. In particular, independence of variables cannot be observed unless generalization of t...

In this paper the "Self-Organizing (Feature) Map" (SOM) methodology as originally proposed by Kohonen (1982) is employed in the context of Competitive Market Structure (CMS) and segmentation analysis using household-speci c brands preferences derived from diary panel data as input patterns for SOM training. The adaptive SOM algorithm results in a representation of competitive structures among r...

Several methods to visualize clusters in high-dimensional data sets using the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) have been proposed. However, most of these methods only focus on the information extracted from the model vectors of the SOM. This paper introduces a novel method to visualize the clusters of a SOM based on smoothed data histograms. The method is illustrated using a simple 2-dimensional data ...