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The absolute luminosity can be measured in an accelerator by sweeping beams transversely across each other in the so-called van der Meer scan. We prove that the method can be applied in the general case of arbitrary beam directions and a separation scan plane. A simple method to develop an image of the beam in its transverse plane from spatial distributions of interaction vertexes is also propo...

We propose a new approach to direct imaging of extrasolar planets: one-sided phase apodization. It is based on a discovery that an antisymmetric spatial phase modulation pattern imposed over a pupil or a relay plane causes diffracted starlight suppression sufficient for imaging of extrasolar planets. Calculations with specific square-pupil (side D) phase functions, such as x; y ð Þ 1⁄4 a ln 1þ ...

This study uses articulography, the measurement of the position of tongue and lips during speech, as a tool to quantitatively assess the differences between pronunciations of native and non-native (Dutch) speakers of English. In our study, we focus on two pairs of English sound contrasts: /s/-/ʃ/ and /t/-/θ/. Our analysis focuses on the anterior-posterior position of the tongue tip during the p...

‘:r 7Hë H“Ér $ x9 •̧ J o w Ž (low-density parity-check: LDPC) ÂÒ ñ\ ¦ 6 x #Œ f” “§ ÅÒ Ão ì r1⁄2+É × æ o (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing: OFDM) r Û1⁄4%7›\"f type I ™D¥1⁄2+Ë1lx ìøÍ4Ÿ¤ כ11⁄2̈ (hybrid automatic repeat request: H-ARQ)\ ¦0Aô Ç"fÚÔáÔYUe” (subframe)F C u _ Dh–Ðî rl ï r̀¦]jîߖô Ç . e” _ _ "fÚÔáÔYUe” F C u J ‡ \@/ #ŒG V, 6 x|3⁄4Ó (channel capacity)s 9þtÃo2Ÿ¤q àԚ̧ÀÓÖ ¦ (bit ...

Let X be a random variable from a normal distribution with unknown mean θ and known variance σ2. In many practical situations, θ is known in advance to lie in an interval, say [−m,m], for some m > 0. As the usual estimator of θ, i.e., X under the LINEX loss function is inadmissible, finding some competitors for X becomes worthwhile. The only study in the literature considered the problem of min...

in this paper we study the relation between module amenability of θ - lau product a×θb and that of banach algebras a, b. we also discuss module biprojectivity of a×θb. as a consequent we will see that for an inverse semigroup s, l 1 (s) ×θ l 1 (s) is module amenable if and only if s is amenable.

Ð Recently four independent paradoxes have been proposed which appear to challenge the second law of thermodynamics [1-8]. These paradoxes are briefly reviewed. It is shown that each paradox results from a synergism of two broken symmetries Ð one geometric, one thermodynamic.