a new era of relations has begun between iran and the newly established republics of the soviet :union: such as georgia. transformation in power distribution system at international level, collapse of the soviet :union: as an important northern neighbor of iran and formation of several republics alongside iran’s northern borders are among the reasons behind the new ties. georgia’s declaration o...

Evaluation of ECMWF ERA-40 temperature and wind in the lower tropical stratosphere since 1988 from past long-duration balloon measurements T. Christensen, B. M. Knudsen, J.-P. Pommereau, G. Letrenne, A. Hertzog, F. Vial, J. Ovarlez, and M. Piot Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark Service d’Aéronomie, IPSL/CNRS, Verrières-Le-Buisson, France Centre National d’Études Spatiales, To...

The paper studies report of the Omsk regional department OGPU to local party leadership on anti-Soviet organizations and groups in region 1927, reflecting efforts security officers combat anti-communist opposition, which terms era was “anti-Soviet.” Source analysis information statement shows its high reliability informative value relation presence nature opposition region. Thus, diachronic res...

1917’ye kadar yazılı edebiyata ulaşamamış olması sebebiyle Kırgız edebiyatında roman türü dünya edebiyatına kıyasla daha ileri bir tarihte ortaya çıkmıştır. 1936 yılında yayımlanan ilk Uzak Col’dan başlayarak, bağımsızlık tarihine kadarki süreçte yaklaşık 100’e yakın romanın yazıldığı görülmektedir. Söz konusu eserlerin büyük çoğunluğu Marksist-Leninist ideoloji merkezli şekillenmekle birlikte ...

The convergence of climate change and post-Soviet socio-economic and institutional transformations has been underexplored so far, as have the consequences of such convergence on crop agriculture in Central Asia. This paper provides a place-based analysis of constraints and opportunities for adaptation to climate change, with a specific focus on water use, in two districts in southeast Kazakhsta...

This article discusses the works of some Soviet scholars of psychology, their theoretical positions, and the times within which their works were developed. Dominant representations of Soviet psychology and some of the main Soviet authors are revisited in the light of a blending of facts actively associated with their emergence in both Soviet and Western psychology. From the beginning, Soviet ps...

This article explains the level of economic freedom in Muslim countries through the theory of institutional path dependency. Islamic countries are generally not free and they have a poor record regarding property rights. To explain these realities we use the institutional history of Muslim countries. We define three steps: the Arab and Ottoman Empires when Islamic law was of great importance, E...

BACKGROUND Several former Soviet countries have witnessed the rapid emergence of major epidemics of injection drug use (IDU) and associated HIV/HCV, suggesting that immigrants from the former Soviet Union (FSU) may be at heightened risk for similar problems. This exploratory study examines substance use patterns among the understudied population of opioid-using FSU immigrants in the U.S., as we...

This article explains the level of economic freedom in Muslim countries through the theory of institutional path dependency. Islamic countries are generally not free and they have a poor record regarding property rights. To explain these realities we use the institutional history of Muslim countries. We define three steps: the Arab and Ottoman Empires when Islamic law was of great importance, E...

This article explains the level of economic freedom in Muslim countries through the theory of institutional path dependency. Islamic countries are generally not free and they have a poor record regarding property rights. To explain these realities we use the institutional history of Muslim countries. We define three steps: the Arab and Ottoman Empires when Islamic law was of great importance, E...