The objective of ecological restoration and rehabilitation grasslands is to recreate the original appearance damaged or degraded vegetation. From previous research, pneumatic spraying technology now more commonly used in world for vegetation restoration. Pneumatic relatively inexpensive causes little damage vegetation, making it one most effective techniques restoring natural grassland under cl...

This study presents a systematic analysis of wetted region due to cooling of aluminum plate by water spray impingement with respect to different water flow rates, spray nozzle heights, and subcooling. Unlike jet impingement, the wetting is not commenced upon spray impingement and there is a delay in wetness of hot test surface. After initiation, the wetting (black zone) progresses gradually to ...

In recent days, current research is going in alternative fuels due to increase in global warming and pollution in all over the world and also very stringent emission norms. In this way, the study on spray progress plays an important role in improving complete combustion and emission of fuel, because it is directly affects the air-fuel mixture formation. The macroscopic spray characteristics of ...

Field trials were conducted to demonstrate the need for correcting sampled spray concentration data for sampler collection efficiencies and estimated spray exposure levels in mosquito bioassays for cage interference effects. A large spray block was targeted with aerial spray treatments of etofenprox in order to create a gradient in both spray concentration and mortality. Spray concentrations we...

Fungicides manufactured to control soybean rust are effective; however, successful control of this disease will mostly depend on proper application methods. Spray coverage and deposition from 9 application equipment/spray nozzles were analyzed. In general, the spray treatments with air assistance were more effective in spraying rust fungicides than the treatments with the conventional boom spra...

     Heat transfer mechanisms and the solidification process are simulated for a continuous casting machine and the geometric shape of the liquid pool is predicted considering different conditions. A heat transfer and solidification model is described for the continuous casting of steel slabs. The model has been established on the basis of the technical conditions of the slab caster in the con...

This work explores the use of both spray drying and d-glucosamine HCl (GLU) as a hydrophilic carrier to improve the dissolution rate of piroxicam (PXM) whilst investigating the electrostatic charges associated with the spray drying process. Spray dried PXM:GLU solid dispersions were prepared and characterised (XRPD, DSC, SEM). Dissolution and triboelectric charging were also conducted. The resu...

Spray atomization is a common process found in different industries, where sprays under high injection pressure are widely recorded in the literature. Nonetheless, research on spray breakup mechanism under low pressure in pharmaceutical industry is still relatively rare. Numerical model in the Lagrangian approach was modified for simulating the spray formation from a nasal spray device in the c...

This study investigates a new concept of producing precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) from steelmaking slag and carbon dioxide via a spray carbonation process. The presented laboratory-scale spray carbonation test reactor uses a spray nozzle to disperse fine droplets of a Ca-rich solution into a spray tower, where calcium carbonate precipitates as a result of the reaction between calcium and ...