The mixture formation prior to the ignition process plays as a key element in the diesel combustion. Parametric studies of mixture formation and ignition process in various injection parameter has received considerable attention in potential for reducing emissions. Purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of injection pressure on mixture formation and ignition especially during ignition ...

A simplified method for the preparation of the Dittmer-Lester spray for the detection of phospholipids on thin-layer chromatograms is described.

Background. Drying is the oldest method of food preservation. It works by removing water from the food, which prevents the growth of microorganisms and decay. Moreover, spray or freeze drying is also used for the preservation of probiotic cultures. The aim of this study was to compare a survival rate of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus during spray and freeze drying in ATPS. These res...

BACKGROUND Mikania laevigata leaves are commonly used in Brazil as a medicinal plant. OBJECTIVE To obtain hydroalcoholic dried extract by nebulization and evaluate its antiulcerogenic potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant material and hydroalcoholic extract were processed and analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics. A method using HPLC was validated to quantify coumarin and o-co...

Nasal drug delivery can be assessed by a variety of means and regulatory agencies, e.g., the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) have published a set of guidelines and regulations proposing in vitro test methods for the characterization of nasal drug products. This article gives a summary of the FDA and EMA requirements regarding the determination of dropl...

In this paper, we describe several genetic algorithm methods to deal with the spray parameter optimization problem, and compare them with the original heuristic method SAGA.

An ambient method for rapid monitoring and quantitation of drugs of abuse in dried blood spots was developed using paper spray tandem mass spectrometry (PS-MS).