Air plasma spray (APS) process is used to produce high density and flowability spherical powders. Phase transformation that occurred in this process isn’t well known. In this paper, the YSZ powders have been sprayed in water to investigate the morphology changes and phase transformations via air plasma spray (APS) method. Phase analysis of powders was examined by XRD and the crystallite size an...

Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) techniques have become one of the main tools in the design and development of diesel engines. There exist, however, some drawbacks and problems that must be overcome in the next years. One of the challenges is to predict accurately the couple between the flow inside the nozzle and the spray, including the primary break-up and the secondary atomization. In the l...

this is the first attempt at process modeling in terms of predictive control using a hierachical method based on regression analysis and artificial neural networks (anns). this hierachical method leads to the reliability improvement of neural model of the process in predicting (extrapolation and interpolation) the process output. such an outlook makes it possible to predict the proper input set...

measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence is noninvasive, highly sensitive, fast and easy way to give important information about the photosynthetic apparatus. chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and kautsky curves of wild oat and wild mustard sprayed by clodinafop and dicamba+2, 4-d respectively was investigated at two green house experiments. the results indicated significant reduction at trend...

This paper presents an investigation to reveal the cycle-to-cycle variations of pulsing spray characteristics of Spark-Ignition Direct-Injection (SIDI) fuel injectors. The objective is to quantify the spray’s cycle-to-cycle variation such that further insight of the operating principles in the fuel injection system could be developed to enhance the combustion efficiency and reduce emissions of ...

The application of agrochemical sprays to the aerial parts of crop plants is an important agricultural practice world-wide. While variable effectiveness is often seen in response to foliar treatments, there is abundant evidence showing the beneficial effect of foliar fertilizers in terms of improving the metabolism, quality, and yields of crops. This mini-review is focused on the major bottlene...

As a result of the decreasing availability of authorized plant protection products, adequate pest control becomes more difficult in many ornamental crops and almost no information is available about the optimization of spray application techniques in ornamental crops. Yet, spray boom systems—instead of the still predominantly used spray guns—might improve crop protection management in greenhous...

This research was conducted with the goal of clarifying the required conditions of water-saving showerheads. In order to this, the research analyzes the mutual relationship between water usage flow, the level of satisfaction and the physical properties of spray of showerheads. The physical properties of spray were measured using physical properties test apparatus of standard or scheme for water...

background: vaccination is one of the most common painful procedures in infants. despite the irreparable consequences and complications of acute pain in infants, and existence of pharmacological and non‑pharmacological methods for pain control, pain control in infants has received less attention. therefore, this research aimed to compare the vaccination‑related pain in infants younger than 6 mo...

Disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors, and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Water spray characteristics, including droplet size and velocity, airborne dust capture potential, and induced airflow quantity for various spray nozzle designs were evaluated to provide basic information for ...