In this study, we propose a novel method to measure bottom-up saliency maps of natural images. In order to eliminate the influence of top-down signals, backward masking is used to make stimuli (natural images) subjectively invisible to subjects, however, the bottom-up saliency can still orient the subjects attention. To measure this orientation/attention effect, we adopt the cueing effect parad...

The purpose of this study was to compare transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) screening outcomes (pass/fail) across the seasons (spring, autumn, and winter) between infants and schoolchildren. A total of 526 infants (275 boys, 251 girls) with a mean age of 2.0 months (SD = 0.38 months) and 975 schoolchildren (513 boys, 462 girls) with a mean age of 6.2 years (SD = 0.36 years) were scre...

Large reduction in emissions of anthropogenic pollutants in a mega city during the week-long holiday gives an opportunity to investigate how the urban air quality reacts to reductions in emission. This study conducted a systematical examination of the “Spring Festival effect” over three consecutive winters in Shenzhen with a population of greater than ten million, and the difference in the conc...

Large reduction in emissions of anthropogenic pollutants in a mega city during the week-long holiday gives an opportunity to investigate how the urban air quality reacts to reductions in emission. This study conducted a systematical examination of the “Spring Festival effect” over three consecutive winters in Shenzhen with a population of greater than ten million, and the difference in the conc...

In a laser-irradiated plasma, the Langdon effect makes electron energy distribution function (EEDF) tend to super-Gaussian distribution, which has important influences on laser plasma instabilities. this work, of EEDF convective stimulated backward Raman scattering (SRS) and Brillouin (SBS) are studied systematically for wide range typical parameters in inertial confinement fusion (ICF). Distin...

We have examined a new method for generating coarse-grained models of polymers. The resulting models consist of bead-spring chains with the spring force law taken from the force-extension behavior in the constant extension ensemble. This method, called the polymer ensemble transformation method, is applied to the freely jointed chain. The resulting model illustrates why current bead-spring chai...