We tested for life history trade-offs among dormancy, sprouting, and flowering in a seven-year study of a threatened, perennial plant, the small yellow lady’s slipper orchid (Cypripedium calceolus ssp. parviflorum (Salisb.) Fernald). The aboveground states of 629 genets were monitored over seven years in a wet meadow in northeastern Illinois, USA. With mark–recapture statistics, survival, resig...

We recently isolated a novel angiogenesis inhibitor, vasohibin-1, and its homologue, vasohibin-2. In this study we characterize the role of these 2 molecules in the regulation of angiogenesis. In a mouse model of subcutaneous angiogenesis, the expression of endogenous vasohibin-1 was low in proliferating ECs at the sprouting front but high in nonproliferating endothelial cells (ECs) in the term...

Liu and Chambers /3/ were the first to demonstrate collateral sprouting in the spinal cord, followed by other examples of lesioninduced sprouting in the dorsal columns/2/. The signals for sprouting in the CNS are not known, and the functional consequences of sprouting have not been addressed in most systems. Sunde and Zimmer /5/ pointed out that sprouting is not equivalent to regeneration. The ...

The physiognomy of Caribbean dry forest is shorter, denser and contains a greater proportion of multi-stemmed trees than other neotropical dry forests. Our previous research, conducted after Hurricane Georges in 1998, has shown that dry forest trees sprout near the base following hurricane disturbance, even if the trees have not incurred structural damage. However, for these hurricane-induced s...

Treatment with pilocarpine (PILO) induces variable degrees of loss of mossy cells (MCs) and mossy fibre (MF) sprouting in rodents, the relationships of which have not been examined in individual animals. Our aim was to test whether the loss of MCs and MF sprouting are coupled processes in PILO-treated rodents. Animals which exhibited intense PILO-induced convulsions for at least 30 min were use...

Although many ecological properties of species respond to climate change, their evolutionary responses are poorly understood. Here, we use data from long-term demographic studies to predict evolutionary responses of three herbaceous perennial orchid species, Cypripedium parviflorum, C. candidum and Ophrys sphegodes, to predicted climate changes in the habitats they occupy. We focus on the evolu...

In the current study, the contribution of the major angiogenic mechanisms, sprouting and intussusception, to vascular development in the avian lung has been demonstrated. Sprouting guides the emerging vessels to form the primordial vascular plexus, which successively surrounds and encloses the parabronchi. Intussusceptive angiogenesis has an upsurge from embryonic day 15 (E15) and contributes t...

Tissue and organ viability depends on the proper systemic distribution of cells, nutrients, and oxygen through blood vessel networks. These networks arise in part via angiogenic sprouting. Vessel sprouting involves the precise coordination of several endothelial cell processes including cell-cell communication, cell migration, and proliferation. In this review, we discuss zebrafish and mammalia...

Dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) emerge from the dorsolateral region of the cardinal veins within the anterior trunk to form an intricate, branched network of lymphatic vessels during embryogenesis. Multiple growth factors and receptors are required for specification and maintenance of LECs, but the mechanisms coordinating LEC movements and morphogenesis to develop three-dimensional ly...

Chronic block of nerve-muscle activity is known to induce sprouting of motor nerve terminals and to enhance transmitter release at the neuromuscular junction. Increased transmitter release has been assumed to be a physiological correlate of disuse-induced sprouting of nerve terminals. We examined this assumption in the rat extensor digitorum longus muscle following chronic conduction block of t...