a r t i c l e i n f o Inspired by the Chinese experience, we develop a Schumpeterian growth model of distance to frontier in which economic growth in the developing country is driven by domestic innovation as well as imitation and transfer of foreign technologies through foreign direct investment. We show that optimal intellectual property rights (IPR) protection is stage-dependent. At an early...

Design knowledge belongs to intellectual property, presented in three main types: (1) Serviceable Design Knowledge (SDK), (2) Intangible Design Knowledge (IDK), and (3) Tangible Design Knowledge (TDK). These three types of design knowledge are respectively generated in three successive creation development stages, namely the early design strategy stage, the intermediate design process stage, an...

Nowadays, most of products are the results of different dependent process steps. Due to the cascade property in most of these processes, using the traditional control charts for monitoring these processes is not suitable. To solve this problem, Cause selecting Charts (CSCs) are developed to monitor multistage processes. These control charts have usually been developed when quality characteristi...

Classical nonlinear waves exhibit, as a general rule, an irreversible process of thermalization toward the Rayleigh-Jeans equilibrium distribution. On other hand, several recent experiments revealed remarkable effect spatial organization optical beam that propagates through graded-index multimode fiber (MMF), phenomenon termed self-cleaning. Our aim here is to evidence qualitative impact disord...