Staging is extremely important in determining the proper treatment of patients with thoracic malignancies. Staging groups can be used to predict outcome after cancer treatment and allocate patients to appropriate treatment regimens. Thoracoscopy is an excellent means of staging intrathoracic malignancies. It is a good tool for biopsy of mediastinal lymph nodes and evaluation of the pleural cavi...

The staging of lung cancer defines the extent of disease. Accurate staging is important to define operability, select treatment regimens, and predict survival. Nonsurgical and surgical techniques are used to stage patients. The most important nonsurgical techniques used currently are the chest x-ray and computed tomographic (CT) scan of the chest and upper abdomen. In the future, positron emiss...

The many benefits of laparoscopy, including smaller incision, reduced length of hospital stay and more rapid return to normal function, have seen its popularity grow in recent years. With concurrent improvements in non-surgical cancer management the importance of accurate staging is becoming increasingly important. There are two main applications of laparoscopic surgery in managing hepato-pancr...

OBJECTIVE To compare clinical and pathological staging in patients with non-small cell lung cancer submitted to surgical treatment, as well as to identify the causes of discordance. METHODS Data related to patients treated at the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul São Lucas Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Sensitivity, specificity,...

Accurate clinical staging of oral squamous cell cancer can be quite difficult to achieve especially if nodal involvement is identified. Radiologically-assisted clinical staging is more accurate and informs the clinician of loco-regional and distant metastasis.In this study, we compared clinical TNM (cTNM) staging (not including ultrasonography) to pathological TNM (pTNM) staging in 245 patients...

In order to provide a basis for meaningful exchange of information among those treating cholesteatoma, the Committee on Nomenclature of the Japan Otological Society (JOS) was appointed in 2004 to create a cholesteatoma staging system as simple as possible to use in clinical practice in Japan. Following the announcement of preliminary criteria for the staging of pars flaccida (attic) cholesteato...

The aim of this study was to compare clinical staging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) staging for oral cancer, and to assess inter-observer agreement between oral and medical radiologists. A total of 10 patients diagnosed with oral cancer were assessed before treatment. A head and neck surgeon performed clinical TNM staging. Two medical radiologists and two oral radiologists performed a ne...

OBJECTIVE To investigate and compare two ALS staging systems, King's clinical staging and Milano-Torino (MiToS) functional staging, using data from the LiCALS phase III clinical trial (EudraCT 2008-006891-31). METHODS Disease stage was derived retrospectively for each system from the ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised subscores using standard methods. The two staging methods were then compar...

Objective This study is to establish a new staging system for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) based on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Methods Totally 492 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were included in this study. These patients were diagnosed by pathological detection (without distant metastasis) and underwent the initial treatme...

Staging is the creative act of showing something to an audience. When staging, the artist chooses and creates the context, situation and structure of the presented object, play or installation. The chosen context and situation provide background for the audience interpretations. Meaning is co-created between the artist and audience, based on the cultural and individual understanding of the cont...