By applying shortest path analysis in stochastic networks, we introduce a new approach to obtain the reliability function of time-dependent systems with standby redundancy. We assume that not all elements of the system are set to function from the beginning. Upon the failure of each element of the active path in the reliability graph, the system switches to the next path. Then, the correspondin...

Abstract Communication-based train control (CBTC) has been the prevailing technology of urban transit signaling system. However, CBTC also faces a few issues to extend and maintain because its complicated structure. This paper presents novel system architecture, software-defined (SDTC), which is based on cloud high-speed wireless communication technology. The core functions proposed SDTC, inclu...

prevalence of nosocomial infection in intensive care units in Europe. Results of the European Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (EPIC) Study. EPIC International Advisory Committee. JAMA 1995; 274: 639–644 6. Alberti C, Brun-Buisson C, Burchardi H, et al: Epidemiology of sepsis and infection in ICU patients from an international multicentre cohort study. Intensive Care Med 2002; 28:108–1...

Electric appliances consume electricity when they are in standby mode and sometimes even in off-mode. These "losses" of each appliance individually are not large but the sum over all appliances is no longer negligible. The standby losses of ten households are investigated. The standby power varies from 7 to 134 W and has an average of 40 W. The standby consumption is on average 274 kWh/year, re...

The power gating technique is useful in reducing standby leakage current, but it increases the gate delay. For a functional unit, its maximum allowable delay (for a target clock period) limits its smallest standby leakage current its power gating can achieve. In this paper, we point out that, in the high-level synthesis of a nonzero clock skew circuit, the resource binding (including functional...

In the literature, some schemes were proposed to combine Multi-Threshold CMOS (MTCMOS) with asynchronous circuits to reduce standby power consumption. However, all of these can only be applied to asynchronous circuits in which the values of all signals can be determined in the standby state. As a result, their applications are limited. To solve this problem, this paper develops standby power re...

A cold standby system is a type of redundancy arrangement used in different fields, including computing, healthcare, manufacturing sector and industrial processes. In system, secondary kept state readiness but not actively running or processing data. Instead, it remains powered-off idle until required case any failure performance degradation the main unit. this paper, I have mentioned role usag...

As technology scales down into the nanometer region, the reliability mechanism caused by time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) has become one of the major reliability concerns. TDDB can lead to performance degradation or logic failures in nanoscale CMOS devices, and can cause significant increase of leakage power in the standby mode. In this paper, the TDDB effects on the delay and power o...

Abstract In general redundancy allocation problems the redundancy strategy for each subsystem is predetermined. Tavakkoli- Moghaddam presented a series-parallel redundancy allocation problem with mixing components (RAPMC) in which the redundancy strategy can be chosen for individual subsystems. In this paper, we present a bi-objective redundancy allocation when the redundancy strategies for...

Software maintenance accounts for a significant proportion of the cost of the software life cycle. Software engineers must spend a considerable amount of time understanding the software system functional attributes and non-functional (e.g., availability, security, etc.) aspects prior to performing a maintenance task. In this paper, we propose a dynamic analysis approach to recover availability ...