The aim of this work was to characterize starch synthesis, composition, and granule structure in Arabidopsis leaves. First, the potential role of starch-degrading enzymes during starch accumulation was investigated. To discover whether simultaneous synthesis and degradation of starch occurred during net accumulation, starch was labeled by supplying (14)CO(2) to intact, photosynthesizing plants....

Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, a gram-negative obligate anaerobe, utilizes polysaccharides by binding them to its cell surface and allowing cell-associated enzymes to hydrolyze them into digestible fragments. We use the starch utilization system as a model to analyze the initial steps involved in polysaccharide binding and breakdown. In a recent paper, we reported that one of the outer membrane ...

Starch is the most important food energy source in cereals. Many of the known enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis are partially or entirely granule-associated in the endosperm. Studying the proteome of rice starch granules is critical for us to further understand the mechanisms underlying starch biosynthesis and packaging of starch granules in rice amyloplasts, consequently for the improvem...

The relationship between CO(2) concentration and starch synthesis and degradation was studied by measuring leaf starch content and disappearance of (14)C-starch. At a concentration of 340 microliters CO(2) per liter, starch accumulated without degradation of previously synthesized starch. Degradation of starch began when CO(2) concentration was lowered, but its synthesis continued. At 120 micro...

BACKGROUND The proportion of starch disappearing from the small intestinal lumen is generally lower in ruminants than in monogastric animals, and there are indications that the starch digestion capacity in ruminants is limited. OBJECTIVES Milk-fed calves were used to study the rate-limiting enzyme in starch hydrolysis and to quantify starch fermentation in ruminants. METHODS Forty male Hols...

in this study, the usage of starch as adhesives in packaging industry and improving the properties of starch on the development of its applications have been discussed. starch is widely used in various industries, but in the celluloses packaging industry it can be just used as a coating binder, sizing agent or adhesive industries. in these industries, high print quality, low water absorption an...

The effects of heat treatment on oat and barley starch water dispersions were investigated. As compared with barley starch, the granules from oat starch were more degraded, but the fractionation patterns of both starches were not significantly different. Microscopic examination indicated that no evidence of amylopectin fragments was observed in the liquid fraction after starch dispersions were ...

The mixing required for post-mould gelatinisation of syntactic foams using starch as binder was studied. It was found that starch particles tend to adhere to hollow microspheres during mixing, forming agglomerates. A transition in the buoyancy of microsphere-starch phases was found at a particular volume fraction of starch. The transitional point was close to a volume fraction of starch at whic...

Introduction: Various iodine isotopes are undergoing radioactive decay except Iodine-127 (I-127. Iodine I-131 is unsealed radioactive material used in nuclear medicine for both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in Royal Hospital since 2006. In radiotoxic classification, I-131 is in group 2 element. I-131 is highly reactive element due to its volatilization nature. Currently...

Osmotically permeabilized potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber slices were used to study the biosynthesis of starch under semi in vivo conditions. Criteria to distinguish the various enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis were developed based on the characteristics of the enzymes in in vitro experiments. Branching enzyme activity was inhibited at pH 8.5 or higher, while the starch synthases fun...