b a ckground: the present study was designed to investigate the insecticidal efficacy of four different classes of in-secticides: pyrethroids, organophosphates, phenyl-pyrazoles and neo-nicotenoids. one representative chemical from each class was selected to compare the toxicity: deltamethrin from pyrethroids, dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (ddvp) from organophosphates, fipronil from phenyl-p...

A bioassay with Trichophyton mentagrophytes is described for SF 86-327, an allylamine antifungal agent. SF 86-327 serum concentrations were measured by bioassay in 117 serum sampler from five patients receiving 500 mg/day. The peak, trough, and area under the concentration-time curve were determined after the first dose and at steady state. Drug accumulation occurred with prolonged therapy.

In article 1600197, Xueyuan Chen and co-workers report a novel luminescent bioassay technique, namely, dissolution-enhanced luminescence bioassay based on inorganic lanthanide nanoprobes, for ultrasensitive in-vitro detection of tumor markers in human sera or saliva, such as carcinoembryonic antigen, prostate specific antigen and alpha-fetoprotein, with detection sensitivities several orders of...

urine level distribution of antitumor agents, due most likely to the lack of highly sensitive bioassay methods for measuring the concentrations of biologically active ma terials at the low doses generally tolerated by the host. In the present study, cell culture bioassay procedures were used to determine the levels of several clinically use ful or experimental agents in blood and urine after admin

The toxicity data of pesticides were summarized and compared amongst different animal species and types of bioassays. These comparisons showed the expected inter-species and inter-bioassay variability. After quantitative and statistical analysis of these data, it was concluded that, on the average, a 2-year dog bioassay detected toxic responses at similar doses as a 2-year rat study, and that b...

Two experiments were performed, each using six male and six female C57BL/6J mice collectively ranging from 4 wk to 17 mo of age. Blood was obtained following CO2 anesthesia, and the IL-10 concentration of each serum sample was determined both by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by bioassay. In the first experiment, mean serum IL-10 immunoactivity was 9.3 pg/ml while the me...

Bioassay cages are commonly used to assess efficacy of insecticides against adult mosquitoes in the field. To correlate adult mortality readings to insecticidal efficacy and/or spray application parameters properly, it is important to know how the cage used in the bioassay interacts with the spray cloud containing the applied insecticide. This study compared the size of droplets, wind speed, an...

These studies have evaluated a newly developed radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the measurement of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) in murine serum and other biologic fluids. The routine in vitro agar gel bioassay for CSF is influenced by high molecular weight serum lipoproteins and low molecular weight tissue-derived materials that are inhibitory to colony formation. Studies with normal serum reveale...

Metal toxicity is a function of the biology of the target organism and the chemical speciation of the metal. The toxicity of 11 metals was assessed with three cell-based bioassays based on marine organisms: the bacterium Photobacterium phosphoreum of the Microtox bioassay, an environmental strain of P. phosphoreum, and photocytes isolated from the brittlestar Ophiopsila californica. Metal speci...

An in vitro bioassay for mammalian thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) based on TSH-induced cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) production in FRTL-5 cells, a rat thyroid cell line, was used to measure chicken TSH. The addition of chicken pituitary homogenate equivalent to > or = 25% of a chicken pituitary gland to cultured FRTL-5 cells increased cAMP within these cells in a dose-dependent...