Till now, kinetic theory and statistical mechanics of either free or interacting point particles were well defined only in non-relativistic inertial frames in the absence of the long-range inertial forces present in accelerated frames. As shown in the introductory review at the relativistic level, only a relativistic kinetic theory of “world-lines” in inertial frames was known till recently due...

According to a standard view of the second law of thermodynamics, our belief in the second law can be justified by pointing out that low entropy macrostates are less probable than high entropy macrostates, and then noting that a system in an improbable state will tend to evolve toward a more probable state. I would like to argue that this justification of the second law of thermodynamics is fun...

We study the family of network models derived by requiring the expected properties of a graph ensemble to match a given set of measurements of a real-world network, while maximizing the entropy of the ensemble. Models of this type play the same role in the study of networks as is played by the Boltzmann distribution in classical statistical mechanics; they offer the best prediction of network p...

In a closed economic system, money is conserved. Thus, by analogy with energy, the equilibrium probability distribution of money must follow the exponential Boltzmann-Gibbs law characterized by an effective temperature equal to the average amount of money per economic agent. We demonstrate how the Boltzmann-Gibbs distribution emerges in computer simulations of economic models. Then we consider ...

Classical Statistical Mechanics studies properties of macroscopic aggregates of particles, atoms and molecules, based on the assumption that they are point masses subject to the laws of classical mechanics. Distinction between macroscopic and microscopic is evanescent and in fact the foundations of statistical mechanics have been laid on properties, proved or assumed, of few particles systems. ...