We consider a process on T2, which consists of the fast motion along the stream lines of an incompressible periodic vector field perturbed by white noise. It gives rise to a process on the graph naturally associated to the structure of the stream lines of the unperturbed flow. It has been shown by Freidlin and Wentzell that if the stream function of the flow is periodic, then the corresponding ...

Characterization of stream flow is essential to water resource management, water supply planning, environmental protection, and ecological restoration; while air temperature variation due to climate change can exacerbate stream flow and add instability to the flow. In this study, the wavelet analysis technique was employed to identify temporal trend of air temperature and its impact upon forest...

We consider a process on T2, which consists of fast motion along the stream lines of an incompressible periodic vector field perturbed by white noise. It gives rise to a process on the graph naturally associated to the structure of the stream lines of the unperturbed flow. It has been shown by Freidlin and Wentzell [Random Perturbations of Dynamical Systems, 2nd ed. Springer, New York (1998)] a...

The hyporheic exchange (HE) is defined as the interaction between stream water and groundwater, where the stream water passes back and forth between the active channel and subsurface flow paths (Runkel, 1998). The zone of this exchange is characterized by saturated pore spaces, under sand or gravel stream beds (Hancock, 2002) and near the adjacent banks of the stream (Ryan, 2010), that contain ...

The network architecture of streams and rivers constrains evolutionary, demographic and ecological processes of freshwater organisms. This consistent architecture also makes stream networks useful for testing general models of population genetic structure and the scaling of gene flow. We examined genetic structure and gene flow in the facultatively paedomorphic Idaho giant salamander, Dicamptod...

This study is concerned with the prediction of particles’ velocity in a dilute turbulent gas-solidboundary layer flow using a fully Eulerian two-fluid model. The closures required for equationsdescribing the particulate phase are derived from the kinetic theory of granular flows. Gas phaseturbulence is modeled by one-equation model and solid phase turbulence by MLH theory. Resultsof one-way and...

introduction: bridges are certainly one of the most important structures but costly service elements in a transport system. the bridges are very required to access the damaged areas in emergency situations such as floods and earthquakes. scour around the foundations of bridge piers exposed to the flowing water than can destroy the bridge itself is a subject of major concern. flow pattern is kno...

The accuracy of rainfall predictions in the EPA’s BASINS (Better Assessment Science Integrating Point and Nonpoint Sources) decision support tool is affected by the sparse meteorological data contained in BASINS. The objectives of this study were improvement of using the entropy theory to supplement the precipitation data are significant when the watershed’s meteorological station is either far...