Prolactin (PRL) is a peptide hormone secreted by lactotroph cells of the anterior pituitary. PRL is predominantly under inhibitory influence of hypothalamic dopamine, whereas thyrotropinreleasing hormone (TRH), among other endogenous substances, is the main PRL-releasing factor. In physiological conditions, PRL secretion is also affected by numerous exogenous influences, such as stress, physica...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Abbreviations: ADU: Anxiety Disorder Unspecified; NHANES: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; BMI: Body Mass Index; NESARC: National Epidemiologic Study of Alcohol and Related Conditions; HPA: Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal; CRH: Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone; AVP: Arginine Vasopressin; ACTH: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; GAD: Genera...

Norepinephrine and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) have long been implicated in the response to stress. In this issue of Neuron, McCall et al. (2015) show that CRH projections from the central amygdala drive tonic locus coeruleus activity that evokes acute anxiety responses and place aversion.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Loss of the endotoxin tolerance of intestinal epithelium contributes to a number of intestinal diseases. The etiology is not clear. Psychological stress is proposed to compromise the intestinal barrier function. The present study aims to elucidate the role of the stress-derived corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in breaching the established intestinal epithelial endotoxin ...

Hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau is a key event in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology. Acute stress can induce hippocampal tau phosphorylation (tau-P) in rodents, but the mechanisms and pathogenic relevance of this response are unclear. Here, we find that hippocampal tau-P elicited by an acute emotional stressor, restraint, was not affected ...

Two major and mutually interconnected brain systems are recruited during stress reaction. One is the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVH) and the second is the extended amygdala. PVH governs the neuroendocrine stress response while CeA regulates most of the autonomic and behavioral stress reactions. The common neurohormonal mediator of these responses is the corticotropin-releasing hormon...

The effects of a nitric oxide (NO)-releasing derivative of aspirin, NCX-4016, on gastric functional and ulcerogenic responses in rat stomachs were examined in comparison with those of aspirin. Topical application of aspirin (80 mM) to the stomach markedly decreased transmucosal potential difference and slightly increased luminal pH (acid back-diffusion) with minimal effect on mucosal blood flow...

Footshock stress can reinstate cocaine-seeking behavior through a central action of the stress-associated neurohormone corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). Here we report (1) that footshock stress releases CRF in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the rat brain, (2) that, in cocaine-experienced but not in cocaine-naive rats, this CRF acquires control over local glutamate release, (3) that CRF...

CNS Spectr 13:6 June 2008 467 NEW TREND IN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is a key mediator of the stress response in humans. The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) type 1 receptor (CRFR-1) in the pituitary gland is a gatekeeper for that response, and the CRFR-1 receptor is also present in many other moodand cognition-related neural structures. Behaviorally, a numb...

drought stress has been well documented as an effective parameter in decreasing crop production, developing and releasing new varieties which are adaptable to water deficit conditions can be a constructive program to overcome unsuitable environmental conditions. in order to evaluate the adaptation of rice genotypes to drought stress and to identify the tolerant and sensitive genotypes, 15 genot...