Data visualization technique was applied to analyze the daily QA results of photon and electron beams. Special attention was paid to any trend the beams might display. A Varian Trilogy Linac equipped with dual photon energies and five electron energies was commissioned in early 2010. Daily Linac QA tests including the output constancy, beam flatness and symmetry (radial and transverse direction...

One of the earliest stochastic models of the term structure was developed by Vasicek (1977). His model is based on the evolution of an unspecified short-term interest rate. Although the model is developed in a fairly general framework, it is most frequently applied in a more specific form that is presented here. The Vasicek model has many advantages, though it also has some shortcomings. The mo...

An evenly convex credal set is a set of probability measures that is evenly convex; that is, a set that is an intersection of open halfspaces. An evenly convex credal set can for instance encode preference judgments through strict and non-strict inequalities such as P (A) > 1/2 and P (A) ≤ 2/3. This paper presents an axiomatization of evenly convex sets from preferences, where we introduce a ne...

Students of the literature on entailment [7], [1] are familiar with the von Wright-Geach definition of entailment [6], [2]: p entails q if, and only if, by means of logic, it is possible to come to know the truth of •"/> D cp without coming to know the falsehood of p or the truth of q. A competitor of the Lewis account of entailment as strict implication, the von Wright-Geach definition has enj...

Hyperoperations are mappings that assign a non-void subset of a set to each n-tuple of elements from the set. They present a fundamental notion for modeling non deterministic processes. Even though for each non deterministic automaton there is a language equivalent deterministic automaton, they do not have the same behavior. As behavior of concurrent processes took place in emerging fields of t...

This paper develops a mobility measure that combines desirable features of the relative and absolute approaches to measuring mobility. From the relative approach we borrow the idea that income growth accruing to the relatively poor is more to be valued than income growth to the relatively rich. From the absolute approach we take the idea that upward changes are to be valued, in and of themselve...

Abstract By utilizing multipoint observations, we investigate the January 21, 2005 moderate storm's prompt penetration electric field (PPEF) effects in American sector, Rayleigh‐Taylor (R‐T) instability driven polarization (E) African and disturbance dynamo (DDEF) Northern Hemisphere. We study how these E impacted equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) underlying forward fountain, midlatitude trou...