neopterin, apyrazinopyrimidine compound, is produced by macrophages after induction by interferon gamma (ifn-y) and serves as a marker of cellular immune system activation followed by oxidative stress. the aim of this study was to determine urinary neopterin to creatinine ratio (uncr) as a surrogate marker of cell-mediated immune activation in multiple sclerosis (ms). three weekly early morning...

The mechanistic understanding of interactions between diet-derived substances and conventional medications in humans is nascent. Most investigations have examined cytochrome P450-mediated interactions. Interactions mediated by other phase I enzymes are understudied. Aldehyde oxidase (AO) is a phase I hydroxylase that is gaining recognition in drug design and development programs. Taken together...

This review covers H–H bond cleavage of dihydrogen (H2) mediated by structurally well-defined rare-earth metal (scandium, yttrium and lanthanides) complexes, their applications in homogenous catalysis, such as catalytic hydrogenation unsaturated organic molecules. Depending on the mechanism cleavage, this is organized two parts: (1) ?-bond metathesis, (2) non-?-metathesis H2 activation. The lat...

The mechanistic understanding of interactions between diet-derived substances and conventional medications in humans is nascent. Most investigations have examined cytochrome P450–mediated interactions. Interactions mediated by other phase I enzymes are understudied. Aldehyde oxidase (AO) is a phase I hydroxylase that is gaining recognition in drug design and development programs. Taken together...

Chlorine concentrations in water distribution systems are generally predicted by combined models of reactions bulk and at pipe walls. The structure the widely used EPANET wall-reaction is questioned, as they do not reproduce variation rate with decreasing chlorine observed real pipelines. microbially mediated model (EXPBIO) structurally valid. EXPBIO was extended to calculate mass-transfer coef...

A sequential chemical fractionation was applied to a compost, with its dissolved organic matter (DOM) extracted in water and separated in hydrophilic (HiDOM) and hydrophobic (HoDOM) components and a water extract, following oxidation of compost suspension with an oxygen flux (TEA). The components sequentially isolated by mild extractions and hydrolyses as structurally unbound (SU), weakly bound...