People vary in the way in which they approach decision-making, which impacts real-world behavior. There has been a surge of interest in moving beyond reliance on self-report measures to capture such individual differences. Particular emphasis has been placed on devising and applying a range of methodologies that include experimental, neuroscience, and observational paradigms. This paper provide...

Splitting results in non-mononotonic formalisms have a long tradition. On the one hand, these results can be used to improve existing computational procedures, and on the other hand they yield deeper theoretical insights into how a non-monotonic approach works. In the 90‘s Lifschitz and Turner [1, 2] proved splitting results for logic programs and default theory. In this paper we establish simi...

Obtaining more accurate equity value estimates is the starting point for stock selection, value-based indexing in a noisy market, and beating benchmark indices through tactical style rotation. Unfortunately, discounted cash flow, method of comparables, and fundamental analysis typically yield discrepant valuation estimates. Moreover, the valuation estimates typically disagree with market price....

In functional programming one usually writes programs as the composition of simpler functions. Consequently, the result of a function might be generated only to be consumed immediately by another function. This potential source of inefficiency can often be eliminated using a technique called shortcut fusion, which fuses both functions involved in a composition to yield a monolithic one. In this...

A new treehopper genus from Costa Rica, Mutilifolia, based on M. nishidai, new species, is described and illustrated. Mutilifolia is considered a member of the subfamily Smiliinae, tribe Telamonini based on characteristics of the pronotum, fore- and hind wing venation, and female genitalia. This genus superficially resembles the telamonine genera Antianthe, Archasia, and Hemicardiacus due to th...

We justify and give error estimates for binomial approximations of game (Israeli) options in the Black–Scholes market with Lipschitz continuous path dependent payoffs which are new also for usual American style options. We show also that rational (optimal) exercise times and hedging self-financing portfolios of binomial approximations yield for game options in the Black–Scholes market “nearly” ...

Downwards accumulations on binary trees are essentially functions which pass information down a tree, from the root towards the leaves. Under certain conditions, a downwards accumulation is bothèecient' (computable in a functional style in parallel time proportional to the depth of the tree) and`manipulable' (enjoying a number of distributivity properties useful in program construction). In thi...

Increasing circuit complexity and die area with at the same time decreasing device dimensions render traditional approaches to IC design inadequate. The result is serious risk of suboptimal designs and thus poor performance and/or poor manufacturing yield. New tools are necessary to capture the effects of statistical variability of devices and interconnects on circuit performance. No longer can...

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease of older adults. Efforts to intensify therapy along traditional avenues have failed to yield improved results. There remains significant clinical equipoise as to how to "induce" patients and whether or not 7+3-style regimens improve outcomes over low-dose cytarabine. What is certain is that even in those not receiving active therapy, AML is an exception...

We come into contact with animated or virtual humans more often than we think: in movies or computer games for example. The motions which these characters perform appear realistic to us and are often the result of a combination of motions that have been recorded from “real” humans (Motion Capture) and animations that have been carefully designed by experienced professionals. This process is bot...